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Microbiology > Bacteriology Part 1 > Flashcards

Bacteriology Part 1 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is a bacterium?

A

single celled microorganism of kingdom prokaryota

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2
Q

what does it mean that bacteria are prokaryotes?

A

= no nucleus

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3
Q

in what conditions do bacteria grow?

A

aerobic, anaerobic, microaerophilic conditions

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4
Q

what kind of cell wall do gram positive bacteria have?

A

thick cell wall

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5
Q

What antigenic property is on the cell wall of gram positive bacteria?

A

lipoteichoic acid

used to recognize antigen and trigger immune response

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6
Q

What does the cell wall contain?

A

peptidoglycan

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7
Q

gram negative bacteria have what kind of cell wall and plasma membrane?

A

Thin cell wall in between two plasma membrane layers (sandwich)

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8
Q

What is on the outer layer of gram negative bacteria?

A 
Lipopolysaccharide layer 
(LPS-virulence factor)
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9
Q

what type of cell wall do mycobacteria have?

A

Thin cell wall

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10
Q

What is on mycobacteria’s cell wall? (2 things)

A

1) Mycolic acid (virulence factor)

2) Glycolipids

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11
Q

What is lipopolysaccharide?

A

is a toxin, lipid A component, present on cell surface of gram negative bacteria, that activates immune response, and can be harmful to the host

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12
Q

Gram staining: what determines how much color you have?

A

how thick the cell wall of the bacteria is

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13
Q

Gram positive stains what color?

A

violet/blue; picks up crystal violet, and iodine

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14
Q

Gram negative stains what color?

A

pink; picks up safranin

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15
Q

Types of staining:

A

1) Gram staining

2) Acid staining

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16
Q

acid fast staining is due to the presence of what?

A

mycolic acid

17
Q

Acid fast staining: positive bacteria have gram positive or negative cell wall? And how does it stain?

A

Gram positive cell wall
stains pink
retains Carbol Fuchsin
b/c it has mycolic acid in cell wall

18
Q

Acid fast staining: Negative gram bacteria stains?

A

stains blue

due to absence of mycolic acid

19
Q

Flagella: what’s it used for? (3)

A

1) Locomotion
2) Motility
3) identification

20
Q

What is the flagella called for bacteria that have it in the periplasmic space? What bacteria can you find it in?

A

Endoflagella

Spirochetes

21
Q

Pilli/ Fimbriae

A
  • threadlike located on bacterial surface
  • helps attach bacteria to host cell surface
  • contributes to antigenicity
22
Q

In what animal example can you find pilli / fimbriae bacteria?

A

Neonatal pigs

23
Q

What is a capsule?

A

The capsule is a thick polysaccharide layer OUTSIDE the cell wall

24
Q

What is the capsule used for? (4)

A

1) Sticking cell together
2) Food reserve
3) Protection against desiccation and chemicals
4) Helps bacteria evade phagocytosis

25
Q

What are endospores?

A

highly resistant dormant form of gram positive bacteria

26
Q

What are endospores used for?

A

Survival mechanism of GRAM POSITIVE bacteria

27
Q

When are endospores produced?

A

When bacteria are exposed to adverse conditions or food is depleted

28
Q

What orientation do endospores have? (3)

A

central
terminal
subterminal

29
Q

How can BACTERIAL GROWTH be measured? (4)

A

1) colony counting
2) turbidimetry
3) flow cytometer
4) hemocytometer chamber

30
Q

Can bacteria’s need for oxygen be used for identification?

A

yes!

31
Q

Oxygen required for growth (3)

A
  • aerobic
  • microaerophilic
  • capnophilic
32
Q

oxygen not required or used for growth (2)

A
  • obligate anaerobe

- aerotolerant anaerobe

33
Q

oxygen not required but can be used for growth (1)

A

facultative anaerobe

34
Q

All bacteria have a cell wall except:

A

Mollicutes (Mycoplasma)

35
Q

Bacteria have a single circular chromosome except:

A

Leptospira has 2!

36
Q

Bacteria have circular DNA except:

A

Borrelia Burgdorferi:has linear chromosome

Microbiology (10 decks)

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