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USMLE-Micro > Bacteriology > Flashcards

Bacteriology Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Gram + Branching filiments, anaerobe

A

Actinomyces

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2
Q

Gram + Branching filiments, Aerobe

A

Nocardia

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3
Q

Gram + Cocci, Catalase (+), clusters

A

Staphylococcus

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4
Q

Gram + Cocci, Catalase (-), chains

A

Streptococcus

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5
Q

Gram + Cocci, Catalase (-), Capsule, Optochin sensitive

A

Streptococcus pneumoniae

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6
Q

Gram + Cocci, Catalase (-), NO Capsule, Optochin resistant, bile insoluble (will grow in bile)

A

Viridans streptococci

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7
Q

Bacitracin sensitive streptococcus

A

Group A

S. pyogenes

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8
Q

Bacitracin resistant streptococcus

A

S. agalactiae

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9
Q

non hemolytic streptococcus

A

E. faecalis

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10
Q

Coagulase positive Staph

A

Staph aureus

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11
Q

Gram + anaerobic rod

A

Clostridium

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12
Q

Gram + aerobic rod

A

Bacillus

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13
Q

Alpha hemolytic bacteria

A

Form a green ring around the colonies

  • Strep pneumoniae (cat- and optochin sensitive)
  • Viridans strep (cat - and optochin resistant)
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14
Q

B-hemolytic, tumbling motility, menigitis in newborns, unpasteurized milk

A

Listeria monocytogenes

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15
Q

Staphylococcus epidermidis

A

Infects prosthetic devices and IV catheters by producing adherent biofilms. Component of normal skin flora

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16
Q

Streptococcus pneumoniae

A 
most common cause of MOPS
-menigitis
-otis media (in children)
-pneumonia
-Sinusitis
Encapsulated, IgA protease, rusty sputum
17
Q

Viridans group of Strep

A

alpha hemolytic; normal flora of the oropharynx and can be seen with dental carries (S. mutans) and valve endocarditis (S. sanguis)

18
Q

Group D Strep

A

Enterococci; colonic flora…can cause UTIs and endocarditis

19
Q

Corynebacterium diphtheriae

A

causes diptheria via exotoxin (inhibits protein synthesis via ADP ribosylation of EF-2); granules, toxoid vaccine

20
Q

Spore forming Gram +

A

Anthrax, Clostridium (Tentanus, Botulism…)

21
Q

Clostridia botulinum

A

inhibits ACh release at NMJ; honey ingestion can cause floppy baby syndrome

22
Q

C. perfringens

A

Produces alpha toxin; can cause myonecrosis (gas gengrene) and meolysis

23
Q

C. difficile

A

Diarrhea, Toxin A - enterotoxin, binds brush border
Toxin ytotoxin, destroys cytoskeleton -> pseudomembranous colitis
Rx: metronidazole or oral vancomycin

24
Q

PPD + test results mean:

A

current infection, past exposure or BCG vaccinated

25
Q

PPD - test results mean:

A

no infection, anergic (steroids, malnutrition, immunocomprimised, sarcoidosis).

26
Q

Ghon complex

A

TB granulomas (Ghon focus and lobar/perihilar lymph node involvement) reflects primary infection or exposure.

27
Q

Mycobacterium tuberculosis (symptoms)

A

fever, night sweats, weight loss, hemoptysis

bacteria is Acid Fast.

28
Q

Leprosy

A

Caused by Mycobacterium leprae
acid fast that likes cool temperature
resevoir in armadillos

29
Q

Leprosy Rx

A

long term dapsone

30
Q

Lepromatous leprosy

A

can be lethal…have “leonine faces”

characterized by low CMI and humoral TH2 response

31
Q

Tuberculoid

A

limited to skin plaques; high CMI and largely TH1 response

32
Q

Gram - Cocci (maltose fermenter)

A

Neisseria meningitidis

33
Q

Gram - Cocci (maltose nonfermenter)

A

Neisseria gonorrhoeae

34
Q

Klebsiella

A

Alcoholics; red current jelly sputum, lobar pneumoniae…diabetes

35
Q

Lyme disease is caused by

A

Borrelia burgdorferi, trasmitted by the tick Ixodes.

36
Q

Argyll Robertson pupil

A

constricts with accomodation but not to light; associated with 3rd degree syphillis

37
Q

Chlamydiae

A

Obligate intercellular

2 forms: elementary and reticulate bodies

USMLE-Micro (5 decks)

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