Bacteriology Flashcards
Gram + Branching filiments, anaerobe
Actinomyces
Gram + Branching filiments, Aerobe
Nocardia
Gram + Cocci, Catalase (+), clusters
Staphylococcus
Gram + Cocci, Catalase (-), chains
Streptococcus
Gram + Cocci, Catalase (-), Capsule, Optochin sensitive
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Gram + Cocci, Catalase (-), NO Capsule, Optochin resistant, bile insoluble (will grow in bile)
Viridans streptococci
Bacitracin sensitive streptococcus
Group A
S. pyogenes
Bacitracin resistant streptococcus
S. agalactiae
non hemolytic streptococcus
E. faecalis
Coagulase positive Staph
Staph aureus
Gram + anaerobic rod
Clostridium
Gram + aerobic rod
Bacillus
Alpha hemolytic bacteria
Form a green ring around the colonies
- Strep pneumoniae (cat- and optochin sensitive)
- Viridans strep (cat - and optochin resistant)
B-hemolytic, tumbling motility, menigitis in newborns, unpasteurized milk
Listeria monocytogenes
Staphylococcus epidermidis
Infects prosthetic devices and IV catheters by producing adherent biofilms. Component of normal skin flora
Streptococcus pneumoniae
most common cause of MOPS -menigitis -otis media (in children) -pneumonia -Sinusitis Encapsulated, IgA protease, rusty sputum
Viridans group of Strep
alpha hemolytic; normal flora of the oropharynx and can be seen with dental carries (S. mutans) and valve endocarditis (S. sanguis)
Group D Strep
Enterococci; colonic flora…can cause UTIs and endocarditis
Corynebacterium diphtheriae
causes diptheria via exotoxin (inhibits protein synthesis via ADP ribosylation of EF-2); granules, toxoid vaccine
Spore forming Gram +
Anthrax, Clostridium (Tentanus, Botulism…)
Clostridia botulinum
inhibits ACh release at NMJ; honey ingestion can cause floppy baby syndrome
C. perfringens
Produces alpha toxin; can cause myonecrosis (gas gengrene) and meolysis
C. difficile
Diarrhea, Toxin A - enterotoxin, binds brush border
Toxin ytotoxin, destroys cytoskeleton -> pseudomembranous colitis
Rx: metronidazole or oral vancomycin
PPD + test results mean:
current infection, past exposure or BCG vaccinated
PPD - test results mean:
no infection, anergic (steroids, malnutrition, immunocomprimised, sarcoidosis).
Ghon complex
TB granulomas (Ghon focus and lobar/perihilar lymph node involvement) reflects primary infection or exposure.
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (symptoms)
fever, night sweats, weight loss, hemoptysis
bacteria is Acid Fast.
Leprosy
Caused by Mycobacterium leprae
acid fast that likes cool temperature
resevoir in armadillos
Leprosy Rx
long term dapsone
Lepromatous leprosy
can be lethal…have “leonine faces”
characterized by low CMI and humoral TH2 response
Tuberculoid
limited to skin plaques; high CMI and largely TH1 response
Gram - Cocci (maltose fermenter)
Neisseria meningitidis
Gram - Cocci (maltose nonfermenter)
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Klebsiella
Alcoholics; red current jelly sputum, lobar pneumoniae…diabetes
Lyme disease is caused by
Borrelia burgdorferi, trasmitted by the tick Ixodes.
Argyll Robertson pupil
constricts with accomodation but not to light; associated with 3rd degree syphillis
Chlamydiae
Obligate intercellular
2 forms: elementary and reticulate bodies
