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Bacterial taxonomy Flashcards

1
Q

Define a prokaryote

A

A cell with no membrane bound organelles i.e. bacteria

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2
Q

Define a facultative anaerobe

A

A cell capable of aerobic and anaerobic respiration

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3
Q

Define an obligate anaerobe

A

Cells which die in the presence of oxygen

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4
Q

Define an obligate aerobe

A

Cells which die without the presence of oxygen

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5
Q

Enterococcus (stain, shape, oxygen, disease)

A

Gram positive cocci, facultative aerobes, UTI

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6
Q

Difference between enterobacter and enterococcus

A

Both are faculatative aerobes
EnterobBactEr - gram nEgative Bacillis
EnteroCOccus- gram pOsitive Coccus

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7
Q

Moraxella Catarrhalis (stain, shape, oxygen, disease)

A

Gram negative, coccus, obligate aerobe, associated with respiratory, ear and sinus infections

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8
Q

Legionella (stain, shape, oxygen, disease)

A

Gram negative, bacillus, obligate aerobe, pneumonia

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9
Q

Klebsiella (stain, shape, oxygen, disease)

A

Gram negative, bacillus, facultative anaerobe, pneumonia in the immunosuppressed

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10
Q

Bacillus (stain, shape, oxygen, disease)

A

Gram positive, bacillus, facultative or obligate aerobe, B. anthracis causes anthrax, B. cereus causes food poisoning

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11
Q

Corynebacterium (stain, shape, oxygen, disease)

A

Gram positive, bacillus, facultative anaerobe, diphtheria (upper respiratory tract infection)

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12
Q

Listeria (stain, shape, oxygen, disease)

A

Gram positive, bacillus, facultative anaerobe, infection in pregnancy(stillbirth, preterm labour), neonates (sepsis, meningitis)

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13
Q

Clostridium (stain, shape, oxygen, disease)

A

Gram positive, bacillus, obligate anaerobe, c. tetani - tetanus, c. difficile-gastroenteritis, c.botulinum - botox

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14
Q

Actinomyces (Stain, shape, oxygen, disease)

A

Gram positive, bacillus, facultative anaerobe, intrauterine devices, dental infections

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15
Q

Campylobacter (Stain, shape oxygen, disease)

A

Gram negative, bacillus/s-shaped, facultative anaerobe, gastroenteritis

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16
Q

Haemophilus influenza (stain, shape, oxygen, disease)

A

Gram negative, bacillus, facultative anaerobe, pneumonia

17
Q

Difference between campylobacter and clostridium in terms of taxonomy

A

CampylobactEr - gram nEgative, s shaped rod, facultative aerobe, causes gastroenteritis
ClOStrIdium- gram pOSItive, rod, obligate anaerobe, c. tetani/difficile/botulinum

18
Q

Proteus (stain, shape, oxygen, disease)

A

Gram negative, bacillus, facultative anaerobe, wound and urine infections

19
Q

Helicobacter Pylori (stain, shape, oxygen, disease)

A

Gram negative, bacillus, facultative anaerobe, stomach ulcer

20
Q

Salmonella (stain, shape, oxygen, disease)

A

Gram negative, bacillus, facultative anaerobe, gastroenteritis

21
Q

Escherichia Coli (stain, shape, oxygen, disease)

A

Gram negative, bacillus, facultative anaerobe, uti, gastroenteritis

22
Q

Pseudomonas aeroginosa (Stain, shape, oxygen, disease)

A

Gram negative, bacillus, obligate aerobe, hospital acquired pneumonia

23
Q

Bordetella Pertussis (Stain shape, oxygen, disease)

A

Gram negative bacillus, obligate aerobe, upper respiratory tract infection

24
Q

What is MacConkey agar?

A

A growth medium used to identify gram negative bacteria (it kills gram positive bacteria) and to differentiate between lactose fermenting and non-lactose fermenting gram negative rods

25
Q

Give 3 examples of lactose fermenting bacilli

A

E. coli, klebsiella, enterobacter

26
Q

Give 5 examples of non-lactose fermenting bacilli

A

Proteus, salmonella, pseudomonas, shigella, h. pylori

27
Q

Give 2 examples of obligate anaerobes

A

Clostridium (gram positive rod), bacteroides (gram negative rod)

28
Q

Give 3 examples of gram negative obligate aerobic cocci

A

3 cocci: Neisseria gonorrhoea, Neisseria menigitides, Moraxella catarrhalis

29
Q

What is the catalase test used for?

A

To differentiate between enterococcus and streptococcus (streptococcae are catalase negative because they cannot hydrolyse hydrogren peroxide to water and oxygen)

30
Q

Which bacteria cannot be differentiated with gram staining?

A

Chlamydia, mycoplasma and ureaplasm - these bacteria do not have a normal bacterial cell wall, they lack peptidoglycans

31
Q

Bacteroides (stain, shape, oxygen, disease)

A

Gram negative, rod, obligate anaerobe, GI infection including appendicitis/abscesses

32
Q

What is the purpose of the aesculin test?

A

Aesculin (from horse chesnuts) with bile salts in agar - aesculin hydrolyses to aesculitin. Aesculitin forms a dark brown/black complex on the agar. Enterococcus (gram positive coccus) - forms black rings in aesculin agar = aesculin positive

33
Q

Which bacteria is aesculin positive?

A

enterococcus

34
Q

Which bacteria is catalase negative?

A

Streptococci

35
Q

Gardnerella vaginalis (stain, shape, oxygen, disease)

A

Gram variable, rod, facultative anaerobe, bacterial vaginosis

36
Q

What does sulphur granules indicate?

A

Actinomyces

37
Q

Give 3 examoles of gram negative obligate aerobic baccili

A

3 rods: legionella, pseudomonas, bortadella

Microbiology (12 decks)

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