Bacterial Infections Flashcards
Impetigo
Superficial infection of the skin caused by _ or _
Contagious and easily spread in crowded or unsanitary living conditions Peak occurrence during summer or early fall in hot, moist climates
Staphylococcus aureus and/or Streptococcus pyogens
Most common in school-aged children
Facial lesions often around nose and mouth
Erythema with superficial VESICLES that quickly rupture and become covered in a thick, amber crust; pruritus common (sensation to itch)
Many cases arise in areas of damaged skin; prexisting dermatitis, cuts, scratches, insect bites, etc
impetigo
Presumptive diagnosis based on clinical presentation
Definitive diagnosis requires isolation of causative organisms in culture of skin
Treatment: Topical or systemic antibiotic
Common; develop over wide age range
Calcified structures that develops in enlarged tonsillar crypts
Convoluted crypts of the tonsils are commonly filled with desquamated cells, foreign debris, and bacteria = _
Tonsillolithiasis
Tonsillar Concretions
Occasionally these aggregates undergo calcification = Tonsilloliths
Enlarged crypts filled with yellowish debris; varies from soft to fully calcified
Variable size
Foul smelling
Solitary or multiple
Radiographically, may present as radiopacities overlying the midportion of ascending ramus
Tonsillolithiasis
Tonsillolithiasis tx?
No treatment necessary, unless associated with clinical symptoms
Chronic infection, found worldwide Caused by the spirochete Treponema pallidum Spread by: Intimate sexual contact Transplacental transmission Contaminated blood exposure
Syphilis
Syphilis
Progression of infection through 3 stages
Highly infectious during _ stage
first two stages
Relatively painless ulceration – “chancre”
Develops 3-90 days after exposure
Most affect genital region; ~4% are oral
Lip, buccal mucosa, tongue
Resolves spontaneously in 3-8 weeks
primary Syphilis
Develops 4-10 weeks after initial infection
Generalized lymphadenopathy
Erythematous maculopapular cutaneous eruption
Mucous patches & condylomata lata of oral mucosa
Split papules at angles of mouth
secondary syphilis
Spontaneous resolution within 3-12 weeks, but relapse may occur during the next year
Untreated patients then enter a latent period
Develops after a latency period of 1-30 years
Approximately 30% of patients affected
May affect any tissue; vascular, CNS, skin, bones, soft tissues
Gumma formation
Oral involvement may produce palatal perforation
tertiary syphilis
Saddle nose deformity
Saber shins
Hutchinson’s triad: Malformed incisors (“Hutchinson’s incisors”) and molars (“mulberry molars”) Ocular interstitial keratitis Eighth nerve deafness
Syphilis - Congenital
with congenital syphilis what is the Hutchinson’s Triad
Malformed incisors (“Hutchinson’s incisors”) and molars (“mulberry molars”)
Ocular interstitial keratitis
Eighth nerve deafness
Syphilis - Histopathology
Primary and secondary lesions show intense _
Tertiary (gumma) is characterized by granulomatous inflammation
Spirochetes can be identified using the _
primary and secondary - plasmacytic infiltrate
Warthin-Starry stain
Tx and Px of syphilis
Penicillin remains the drug of choice
Doxycycline, tetracycline or erythromycin for PCN-allergic patient
Good prognosis if identified early and treated properly
Tuberculosis
Caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis
_ transmission
Endemic in many areas of the world
Estimated that 8 million people around the world develop the disease each year
2-3 million die of TB or its complications
Droplet transmission
Resurgence in inner cities of the U.S in the 1980’s due to HIV patients and immigrants from endemic regions In 2014, there were 9,421 cases of active TB reported in the US More than 11 million in US with latent disease
