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General 3 > Bacterial Growth > Flashcards

Bacterial Growth Flashcards

1
Q

Bacterial growth phases

A

Lag
Log/exponential
Stationary
Death

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2
Q

Bactericidal antibiotics act in this phase

A

Log/Exponential

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3
Q

Bacterias are metabolically active but not dividing

A

Lag

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4
Q

Cell division is rapid

A

Log

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5
Q

Rate of division=death rate

A

Stationary

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6
Q

Nutrients are greatly reduce

Toxins increased

A

Death

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7
Q

Cell division of bacteria

A

Binary fission

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8
Q

Extrachromosomal DNA within a cell that is separated from its chromosomal DNA

A

Plasmid

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9
Q

Plasmid

A

Carries genes

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10
Q

Process of transferring plasmids from one microbe to another

A

Horizontal gene transfer

Bacterial recombination

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11
Q

Direct contact and uses sex pili

A

Conjugation

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12
Q

Uses bacteriophage to transfer plasmids

A

Transduction

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13
Q

Bacterial cell wall

A

Composed of glycoproteins

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14
Q

Has a plasma membrane and thick peptidoglyacn layer

A

Gram positive

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15
Q

Has a plasma membrane and thin peptidoglycan layer (endotoxins)

A

Gram negative

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16
Q

Toxins may cause alterations of some metaboloc processes of the body

A

Endotoxins and exotoxins

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17
Q

Toxoids from vaccines

A

Exotoxins

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18
Q

Produced by gram+ and gram-

A

Exotoxin

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19
Q

Toxic shock syndrome toxin-1

A

S.aureus

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20
Q

Pyrogenic toxin

A

Group A beta-hemolytic strep

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21
Q

Most potent toxin known

A

Botulinum toxin

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22
Q

Enterotoxin

A

Exotoxin with diarrheal disease
V.cholera
Staph enterotoxin
C.perfringens

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23
Q

Integral part if cell wall of gram -

A

Endotoxin

Ex: lipopolysaccharide

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24
Q

Endotoxins

A

Cant be converted into toxoids

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25
Q

Bacterial staining

A

Gram stain

Acid fast stain/Ziehl-neelsen stain

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26
Q

Cause of subacute bacterial endocarditis

A

S.viridans

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27
Q

Cause of acute bacterial endocarditis

A

S.aureus

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28
Q

Patients with high risk for B.E.

A

Prosthetic heart valves

History of endocarditis

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29
Q

Rheumatic heart disease

A

Rheumatic fever that involves the heart

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30
Q

Antibiotic prophylaxis for patients high risk for B.E. but wants extraction

A 
Given 30 to 60 minutes before invasive treatment
Amoxicillin: oral or parenteral
            2 grams/ 2000mg (adult)
            50mg/kg (child)
Ampicillin
Clindamycin: if allergic to penicillin
       Oral or parenteral
       600mg (adult)
       20mg/kg (child)
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31
Q

Gram+ bacterias

A 
Staphylococcus
Streptococcus
Corynebacterium
Actinomyces
Lactobacillus
Nocardia asteroides
Listeria monocytogenes
Bacillus
Clostridium
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32
Q

Bacteria of the skin and mucous membranes

Grape-like

A

Staph

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33
Q

Bacteria of the oral cavity

Chain-like

A

Strep

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34
Q

Pus-producing and antibiotic resistant bacteria

A

Staph

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35
Q

Virulence factors of staph

A

Protein A
Coagulase
Staphylokinase
Hyaluronidase

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36
Q

Activates plasminogen producing plasmin

A

Staphylokinase

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37
Q

Clots blood by activating prothrombin to thrombin

A

Coagulase

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38
Q

Spreading factor

A

Hyaluronidase

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39
Q

Prevents complement action

A

Protein A

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40
Q

Converts fibrinogen to fibrin

A

Thrombin

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41
Q

Responsible for fibrinolysis (blood clot dissolution)

A

Plasmin

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42
Q

Marker for the presence of s.aureus

A

Coagulase or clumping factor

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43
Q

Infection of alveoli causing difficulty in breathing/dyspnea

A

Pneumonia

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44
Q

Cause
A. Viral pneumonia
B. Bacterial pneumonia

A

A. Influenza virus (adult)
RSV (infant)
B. S.pneumoniae

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45
Q

Skin disease with pus

A

Impetigo/pyoderma

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46
Q

MO that cause of pyoderma

A

Group A beta-hemolytic strep

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47
Q

Bone and bone marrow inflammation

A

Osteomyelitis

Moth-eaten appearance

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48
Q

Inflammatuon of endocardium (heart valves)

A

Acute bacterial endocarditis

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49
Q

Localized pus-containing skin boil

A

Furuncle (pigsa)

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50
Q

Extensive form of furuncle

A

Carbuncle

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51
Q

Most common form of food poisoning

A

Gastroenteritis

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52
Q

MO that is the most common cause of gastroenteritis in patients less than 2y/o

A

Rotavirus

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53
Q

Virulence factors of Strep

A

Streptokinase
Pneumolysin
M protein

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54
Q

Activates plasminogen to plasmin

A

Streptokinase

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55
Q

Cytotoxin mainly of s.pneumoniae

A

Pneumolysin

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56
Q

Antigen of group A beta-hemolytic strep

A

M protein

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57
Q

Responsible for blood clot dissolution

A

Plasmin

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58
Q

Classification of Streps

A

Alpha hemolytic - incomplete

Beta hemolytic - complete

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59
Q

Used to lyse blood cells
A. Alpha
B. Beta

A

A. Hydrogen peroxide

B . Streptolysin

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60
Q

Bacterial pneumonia

A

S.pneumoniae

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61
Q

Subacute bacterial endocarditis

A

S.viridans

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62
Q

1st colonizer of plaque

A

S.sanguis

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63
Q

1st colonizer of oral cavity

A

S. Salivarius (10-12 hrs after birth)

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64
Q

Dental plaque

A

Biofilm
Has dextrans and levans
Seen 24-48 hrs after brushing
Initially formed in interproximal by reaction of salivary enzymes and food

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65
Q

Group A strep pathologies

A

Impetigo
Scarlet fever
Strep.throat

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66
Q

Most pathogenic microorganism

A

S.pyogenes

67
Q

Group A strep MO

A

S.pyogenes

68
Q

Yellowish honey-colored scabs in skin

Crusted weeping skin lesion

A

Impetigo

69
Q

Causes strawberry tongue due to glossitis

A

Scarlet fever

70
Q

Strep throat

A

Sterptococcal pharyngitis

71
Q

Strawberry tongue

A

Scarlet fever

Kawasaki’s disease (unknown cause)

72
Q

Post streptococcal hypersentivity

A

Hypersensitivity to M-protein
Ex: rheumatic fever
Glomerulonephritis

73
Q 
Generalized rheumatism
Inflammation of brain, heart, skin and joints
-Polyarthritis
-Pancarditis
-Valvular damage (mitral and aortic)
-Chorea
-Erthyema marginatum
A

Rheumatic fever

74
Q

Chorea

A

Abnormal involuntary movements

St . Vitu’s dance (Sydenham chorea)

75
Q

Erytgema marginatum

A

Pink torso rings

76
Q

Proteins produced by s.pyogenes is similar with proteins of

A

Brain
Heart
Skin
Joints

77
Q

Pericarditis associated with rheumatic heart disease

A

Fibrinoid/bread and butter pericarditis

78
Q

Necrosis of pharyngeal and URT surface producing diphtheritic membrane (gum-like) that causes airway obstruction

A

Diphtheria

79
Q

Chinese character histo

A

C.diphtheriae

Fibrous dysplasia

80
Q

Whooping cough caused by

A

Bordatella pertussis

100 day cough (highly contagious)

81
Q

Chronic suppurative and granulomatous infection that produces pyogenic lesions with interconnecting sinus tracts that cibtain grabules composed of microcolonies of bacteria embedded in tissue elements

A

Actinomycosis

82
Q

Yellowish sulfur granules

A

Actinomycosis

83
Q

Babes ernst granules

A

Diphtheria

84
Q

Most commonly encountered actinomyces

A

Actinomyces israelii

85
Q

Associated with root surface caries

A

Actinomycosis viscosus

86
Q

Cervicofacial actinomycosis

A

Lumpy jaw

87
Q

Treatment for actinomycosis

A

Antibiotic

88
Q

Partly gram + and acid fast

A

Nocardia

89
Q

Listeria

A

Hanging drop mount
Tumbling motility
Listeriosis (diarrhea and headache)

90
Q

Formed by the cell of the conditions become unfavorable for the bacterium

A

Endospores

91
Q

Best way to eliminate endospores

A

Autoclave

121°c for 15 to 30mins under 15psi

92
Q

Presence of bacteria in the blood

A

Bacteremia

93
Q

Multiplication of bacteria in the blood

A

Septicemia

94
Q

Consequence of septicemia

A

Sepsis

95
Q

Obligate aerobe

A

Bacillus

96
Q

Obligate anearobe

A

Clostridium

97
Q

Anthrax

A

Wool sorter’s disease

“Biologic warfare” WW1

98
Q

Disease of herbivores

A

Anthrax

99
Q

Features of anthrax

A 
Central black eschar
Hemorrhagic necrosis and edema of mediastinum
Hemorrhagic pleural effusion
Sepsis
Menigitis
100
Q

Tetanus

A

Lock jaw

Muscle spasm due to excitation of neurons

101
Q

Results to muscle paralysis or muscle relaxation due to botulinum toxin

A

Botulism

102
Q

Botulism common in

A

Canned goods

Undercooked foods

103
Q

Associated with food poisoning and causes GAS GANGRENE

A

C.perfringens

104
Q

Part of normal GI flora

A

C.difficile

105
Q

C.difficile causes

A

Pseudomembranous colitis (clindamycin)

106
Q

Treatment fo P. Colitis

A

Metronidazole

Vancomycin

107
Q

Side effect of vancomycin

A

Red Man Syndrome

108
Q

Gram negative bacterias

A 
Neisseria
Spirochetes
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Bacteriodes
Rickettsia
Chlamydia
109
Q

Gonorrhea

A

Venereal disease

110
Q

N.meningitidis causes

A

Young adult meningitis

111
Q

Associated with Meningitis

A

E.coli- neonates (0 to 30 days)
H.influenza- infants and children
N.meningitidis- young adults
S.pneumonia- old adults

112
Q

Super infections are due to

A

Broad spectrum antibiotics

113
Q

Venereal disease

A

Gonorrhea

Syphilis

114
Q

Spirochetes

A

Treponema pallidum
Treponema denticola
Leptospira

115
Q

White lesions

A

Candidiasis

White hairy leukoplakia

116
Q

Syphilis AKA

A

Great pox

Lues disease

117
Q

Hutchinson’s triad/ Congenital syphilis triad

A

Hutchinson’s incisors
Interstitial keratitis
Deafness

118
Q

Histoplasmosis resembles

A

SCC

119
Q

Treatment for syphilis

A

Penicillin

1st drug: salivarsan

120
Q

Causes periodontal disease

A

Treponema denticola

121
Q

Cause of vincent’s disease

A

Treponema denticola

122
Q

Vincent’s disease AKA

A

Trench mouth
NUG
ANUG

123
Q

Presence of painful punched-out grayish pseudomembrane in the gingiva
Fetid odor

A

Vincent’s disease

124
Q

Treatment for NUG

A

Debridement
Irrigation
Penicillin

125
Q

Leptospirosis AKA

A

Rat fever

Weil’s disease

126
Q

Leptospira usually establish themselves in

A

Liver and kidney

127
Q

Most common bacteria in severe anaerobic infections like periodontal disease

A

Bacteriodes

128
Q

Bacteroides reclassified into

A

Prevotella

Porphyromonas

129
Q

Bacteroides melanogenicus

A

Causes black pigments

Hydrolyzes collagen resulting to bone resorption

130
Q

Obligate intracellular parasites

A

Rickettsia

Chlamydia

131
Q

Most common STD

A

Chlamydia

132
Q

Vector

A

Carries the disease

133
Q

Causative agent

A

Microorganism

134
Q

Epidemic typhus

A. Aka
B. Causative agent
C. Vector

A

A. Louse-borne
B. Rickettsia prowazekii
C. Human lice

135
Q

Endemic typhus

A. Aka
B. Causative agent
C. Vector

A

A. Murine
B. Rickettsia typhi
C. Fleas

136
Q

Rocky mounted spotted fever

A

R.rickettsia

Ticks

137
Q

Serratia marcescens

A

Bright red pigment

Associated with UTI

138
Q

Caused the bubonic/pneumonic plague (rodents)

A

Yersinia pestis

139
Q

Causes typhoid fever

A

Salmonella typhi

140
Q

Bacteria in stomach and small intestines

A

H.pylori

141
Q

Rice watery stool

A

Cholera

142
Q

Results to bloody diarrhea

A

Shigellosis

Amoebiasis

143
Q

Bleeding in lower GIT

A

Red stool: hematochezia

144
Q

Bleeding in upper GIT

A

Black stool: melena

145
Q

Acid fast MO

A

Mycobacterium

Mycolic acid

146
Q

Pulmonary TB radiograph

A

Coin lesions (ghon’s focus/ghon’s tubercle)

147
Q

Ghon’s complex

A

With lymph node involvement

148
Q

Hx of TB

A

Epitheloid cells

Langhans cells

149
Q

Most common site of primary pulmonary TB

A

Apex of lungs

150
Q

TB of the bone

A

Pott’s TB

151
Q

TB of the neck (lymph nodes)

A

Scrofula

152
Q

Disseminated form of TB

A

Millary TB

153
Q

Type of necrosis seen in TB

A

Caseous

154
Q

Causes leprosy

A

M.leprae

155
Q

Leprosy/ Hansen’s disease

A

Leonine facies

Lesions involve the cooler tissues of the body

156
Q

Leonine facies

A

Leprosy

Paget’s disease of bone

157
Q

Treatment for leprosy

A

Rifampin + Dapsone (sulfonamide)

158
Q

Treacher-Collins syndrome

A

Mandibulofacial dysostosis
bird face
Deficient cheekbone, zygoma and mandible

159
Q

Crouzon’s disease

A

Craniofacial dysostosis

frog face

160
Q

Pierre robin syndrome

A

bird-fish syndrome

161
Q

Common wart

A

Verruca vulgaris

162
Q

Von recklinghausen’s disease of the skin

A

Neurofibromatosis type 1

163
Q

Clinical featires of von recklinghausens ds of the skin

A 
Neurofibroma
Cafe-au-lait spots
Lisch nodules-iris
Crowe's sign- axillary freckles
Mapagkakamalan leprosy

General 3 (4 decks)

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