Bacterial genetics

Question 1

In order to be passed down to the next generation, dsDNA undergoes what process?

Answer 1

DNA replication

Question 2

After DNA replication…

Answer 2

The DNA is used as a template to synthesize RNA in a process known as transcription

Question 3

Once the DNA has been transcribed into RNA

Answer 3

The RNA is translated into a protein

Question 4

Bacterial DNA replication is bidirectional and semiconservative meaning

Answer 4

Starting from a distinct starting point in circular DNA, replication progresses in opposite directions

Semi conservative indicating that the each of the 2 offspring has half of or one of the DNA strands from the parent

Question 5

There is a particular subunit on the RNA polymerase which recognizes the promoter region or

Answer 5

sigma factor

Question 6

Bacterial gene transfer can be accomplished by one of three different mechanisms. What are these mechanisms?

Answer 6

DNA mediated transformation - DNA transferred as naked DNA

Transduction- bacterial DNA transferred by a virus

Conjugation- DNA is transferred from one cell to another via direct contact

Question 7

What is generalized transduction?

Answer 7

Some phages in their replication cycle degrade the bacterial chromosome

–> these short pieces of DNA can be inadvertently incorporated into the phage ahead

Question 8

What are the qualities of specialized transduction?

Answer 8

• Occurs only with temperate phages
• Only the genes located next to the site of viral insertion are transferred
• Some bacterial DNA replaces phage DNA producing defective phages

Question 9

In reference to antimicrobial drugs, what is the difference between bacteriostatic and bactericidal actions?

Answer 9

Bacteriostatic- inhibits growth allowing the host defense system to kill or eliminate the pathogen

Bactericidal- kills microogransims