Bacterial Cell Structure Flashcards
Describe the Plasma Membrane and Name the function.
- Made of Phospholipids
- Have a Amphipathic Structure
- Hopanoids
- Controls what goes in and out of the cell
What are Hopanoids?
- Sterol-like molecules similar to cholesterol
2. Maintain membrane fluidity
What restricts hopaniods from moving around the cell?
Cold Temperatures
What is an Ester Bond?
Chemical compound derived from an acid (organic or inorganic) in which at least one –OH (hydroxyl) group is replaced by an –O–alkyl (alkoxy) group.
Proteins make how much of the mass of the membrane?
50%
Name the functions of proteins and give examples.
- Control Transport
- Diffusion, Facilitated Diffusion, and Active Transport - Capture/store energy
- Respiration, Photosynthesis, and Co-Transport - Control environment and signal transduction
Describe the Cytoplasm and name the function.
- Water
- Macromolecules
- Molecular building block/metabolites (amino sugars)
- Inorganic ions
- Fluid inside the cell
Describe Nucleotides and name the function.
- Cations
- Small positive charged proteins
- Topoisomerase-supercoiling
- Not membrane-bound
- Tightly packed DNA
What are Inclusion Bodies and name their function.
- Non-membrane-bound granules inside the cell
2. Nutrient Storage
Polyhydroxybutyrate
Carbon Storage
Cyanophycin
Nitrogen Storage
Volutin
Phosphorus Storage
Sulfur Globules
Sulfur Storage
What are Gas Vesicles and name their function.
- Protein Membrane
2. Maintain position in a water column
What are Carboxysomes and name their function.
- Bacteria Cells that have RuBisCO
2. Photosynthetic Carbon Fixation
What does RuBisCO do for the bacteria?
Grabs CO2 and join them with other molecules in the cell.
Magnetosomes what are they?
Magnetite crystals (iron oxides)
What are the 2 functions of a bacteria’s cell wall?
- Protect from change in osmotic pressure and mechanical/shear forces
- Gives characteristic shapes
What is the basic unit that holds peptidoglycan together?
NAG-NAM
What gives NAG-NAM strength to do its function?
Teidoic Acid and Libofeichoic acid
What can assist NAG-NAM to stay together?
Peptide Crosslink
Explain the difference of gram positive and gram negative bacteria.
Positive: Peptidoglycan are outside of the cell which makes it hard to break open to the inside structures
Negative: Peptidoglycan are inside of the cell which makes it easy to break open
Function of peptidoglycan in Gram negative bacteria.
- Protects it from lysozyme
2. Resists chemical attacks
What is special about the outer layer of the outer membrane of negative gram bacteria?
It’s made of lipopolysaccharides (Chains of Sugars)
