Bacteria Structure Test Flashcards 2
To study for the bacteria structure test.
Living things use water to…
Obtain chemicals from surroundings, break down more food, and move substances within bodies.
Living things get energy from…
Taking in and breaking down materials (food).
Animals take in (1) and release (2).
- Oxygen
- Carbon dioxide.
Plants take in (1) and release (2).
- Carbon dioxide
- Oxygen
All living things exchange what with their environment?
Gases.
All living things eliminate…
Waste.
When a living thing grows, it becomes…
Bigger.
When a living thing develops, it becomes more…
Complex.
What is metamorphosis?
The process of an organism developing after birth.
What is spontaneous generation?
The mistaken idea that living things can arise from nonliving sources.
During spontaneous generation, it was believed that the living things would arise from…
Substances that were open and unsealed.
What are the 6 kingdoms of life?
Animals, plants, fungi, protists, bacteria, and archaea.
What is bacteria?
Unicellular microscopic organisms that make up one of the 6 kingdoms of life.
What is the most abundant form of life on earth?
Bacteria.
Bacteria live…
Everywhere.
There is more bacteria in your (what) than the amount of cells in your body?
Intestinal tract.
Bacteria breaks down (what) that my body can’t digest by itself?
Molecules
What can bacteria do with nitrogen?
Convert it into useful nutrients for plants.
Bacteria can be treated by…
Drugs called antibiotics.
Although bacteria comes in many shapes and sizes, the 3 most common types of bacteria shapes/sizes consist of…
Rods, spheres, and spirals.
Bacteria can move using…
Whip-like strands called flagella.
What does prokaryotic mean?
When the DNA/RNA inside of the bacteria is not surrounded by a membrane, also known as a nucleoid.
What does eukaryotic mean?
When the DNA/RNA inside of the bacteria is surrounded by a membrane, also known as a nucleus.
What are organelles?
Organs inside of a cell.
What is a nucleoid?
A region in a prokaryotic cell that contains the circular DNA/RNA, but does not contain a membrane, meaning it floats around freely.
What are ribosomes?
Particles in cells that make the proteins.
Name 2 ways that bacteria can get energy to survive.
- Creating energy through photosynthesis
- Digesting chemicals in their environments.
Most bacteria reproduce… (asexually or sexually)
Asexually.
Most bacteria reproduce through a process called…
Fission.
Fission produces (1) cells with the same genetic material as the (2)
1) 2
2) Parent cell.
What is cellular respiration?
The process of a cell converting its nutrients into useful energy.
How fast can bacteria reproduce?
Once every 20 minutes.
Why can bacteria mutate very quickly?
Their structure is very simple.
Bacteria are known to be the (oldest or youngest) forms of life on earth.
Oldest.
It is thought that bacteria evolved around…
3.5 billion years ago.
Bacteria is known to evolve around the same time as…
Archaebacteria, or archaea.
Through photosynthesis, bacteria bacteria and archaea slowly filled the earth’s atmosphere with…
The oxygen we breathe.
Where is archaea usually found?
In extreme environments.
The DNA string in bacteria is short because…
Bacteria are very simple organisms.
What percentage of the cells in the human body are bacteria?
95%
Bacteria ferment…
100 grams of food per day.
Bacteria that cause illnesses are called…
Pathogens.
Pathogens are most often found on…
High protein foods.
All bacteria reproduce incredibly fast in temperatures between…
4 and 60 degrees Celsius.
Clostridium botulinum causes…
Botulism, an often fatal food poisoning.
Salmonella if often found in…
Raw or undercooked eggs.
Steptococcus A causes…
Strep throat.
E. Coli can be beneficial in the…
Human intestine.
E. Coli can be harmful when found in the…
Human stomach.
Clostridium perfringens are often called…
Cafeteria germs.
Why are clostridium perfringens called cafeteria germs?
They are often found in the food left for a long time on steam tables or at room temperature.
Unique cheese flavors come from…
The unique varieties of bacteria used to make them
What is pasteurization?
The process of removing harmful bacteria from milk through the application of heat, often destroying lactic acid bacteria.
What is a nucleus?
An organelle in eukaryotic cells that have a membrane and other complex materials inside.
What is a cytoplasm?
A gel-like substance in the cell that contains all of the organelles, ribosomes, and genetic materials inside.
What is a pilus?
A hair-like structure found on bacteria to help with attachment.
What are cell walls?
A rigid layer surrounding the cell membrane, and protects the cell from external conditions.
What is a flagella?
Whip-like strands that bacteria use to move, with quantities usually being 2 or more.
What is a flagellum?
A whip-like strand that bacteria use to move, with with quantities usually being only 1.
What are chloroplasts?
Special organelles found in plant cells used to make photosynthesis.
What is bacteria that is considered harmful called?
Pathogens.
