Bacteria nutritional growth

Question 1

What do bacteria eat?

Answer 1

Bacteria has to make do with what they have and they have to be resourceful and flexible

6 macronutrients
- carbon
- hydrogen
- oxygen
- nitrogen
- phosphorus (for DNA)
- sulfur (for amino acids)

cofactors: Mg2+. Fe2+, K+

6 micronutrients
- Copper
- Cobalt
- Magnesium
- Molybdenum
- Zinc
- Nickel

Question 2

What is a prototroph?

Answer 2

they make their own biological molecules (amino acid, nucleotides, cell wall, and membrane components)

They can make inorganic molecules and materials

they are the protagonist, main characters so they make everything

Question 3

what is a auxotroph?

Answer 3

they cannot make their own material, they cannot make amino acids, so you need to give it to them

must be supplemented

example: Streptococcus pyogenes needs glutamate & alanine

Question 4

What do bacteria need to grow?

Answer 4

3 things

carbon
electrons
energy

Question 5

what are the two ways bacteria get their energy?

Answer 5

1. phototroph
   - use sunlight, photosynthesis
2. chemotroph
   - use chemicals, oxidize them to loss an electron in order to use the electron as energy
   they strip off the electron, transfer the energy and make it into ATP

Question 6

what are the two ways bacteria get their electrons?

Answer 6

1. organotroph
   - they use organic compounds (glucose, amino acids, lipids)
2. lithotroph
   - they use inorganic sources, H2O, H2S, H2, Fe2+, NH3, NO2-

Question 7

what are the two ways bacteria get their carbon?

Answer 7

1. Autotroph
   - they fix CO2, they are the producers
2. Heterotroph
   - they are the consumers, they take carbon from other sources, they get it from organic sources

Question 8

What are chemoheterotrophs?

Answer 8

organism gets their energy from chemicals (chemo) and carbon from organic molecules (hetero)

Question 9

what are chemoautotrophs?

Answer 9

they get their energy from chemicals (chemo)

they get their carbon from themselves, they fix CO2 (auto)

Question 10

what are photoautotrophs?

Answer 10

they get their energy from the sun via photosynthesis (photo)

they get their carbon from CO2, they fix it (auto)

Question 11

what are photoheterotrophs?

Answer 11

they get their energy from the sun via photosynthesis (photo)

they get their carbon from organic sources (hetero)

Question 12

what are chemolithotrophs?

Answer 12

they get their energy from chemicals, they oxidize them (chemo)

they get their electrons via inorganic sources (litho)

Question 13

what are chemoorganotrophs?

Answer 13

they get their energy using chemicals by oxidizing them (chemo)

they get their electrons via organic sources (organo)

Question 14

what are photolithotrophs?

Answer 14

they get their energy via the sun using photosynthesis (photo)

they get their electrons by using inorganic sources (litho)

Question 15

what are photoorganotrophs?

Answer 15

they get their energy via the sun by using photosynthesis (photo)

they get their electrons via organic sources (organo)

Question 16

what are the biological macromolecules?

Answer 16

4 types

1. Carbohydrates
2. lipids
3. proteins
4. nucleic acids

Question 17

what are carbohydrates components and enzyme that breaks them down?

Answer 17

components: single sugars
enzyme: glycosidases

Question 18

what are lipids components and enzyme that breaks them down?

Answer 18

components: fatty acids, glycerol
enzyme: esterase

Question 19

what are proteins components and enzyme that breaks them down?

Answer 19

components: amino acids, peptides
enzyme: proteases

Question 20

what are nucleic acids components and enzyme that breaks them down?

Answer 20

components: nucleotides
enzyme: nuclease

Question 21

what steps are necessary for bacteria to utilize macromolecules?

Answer 21

4 things

1. extracellular enzyme
2. binding protein
   - they have to bind to it first
3. translocation protein
4. intracellular enzymes