Bacteria Morphology

Question 1

What are some of the most often looked at characteristics with a microscope

Answer 1

-Shape and arrangement
*many scientific names are based on the more common shapes and arrangements

Question 2

Three general groups of bacterial shapes

Answer 2

1. spiral
2. coccus (sphere)
3. bacillus (rods)

Question 3

arrangement

Answer 3

how the bacteria species orients itself relative to one another

Question 4

diplococci

Answer 4

a pair of spheres
Arrangement: two spheres remain attached after division

Question 5

streptococci

Answer 5

long chain of spheres
arrangement: long chain of spheres that remain attach after division

Question 6

Tetrads

Answer 6

cluster of four spheres
Arrangement: a sphere divides in two planes and remains attached

Question 7

Sarcinae

Answer 7

cuboidal packets of eight
Arrangement: a sphere divides in four planes and remains attached

Question 8

staphylococci

Answer 8

grape like bunches of spheres
Arrangement: divide at random places

Question 9

spirillium (Type of spiral)

Answer 9

short, stiff and loosely round

Question 10

spirochete (Type of spiral)

Answer 10

long, flexible, and tightly wound

Question 11

vibrio (Type of spiral)

Answer 11

curved rods (comma like)

Question 12

coccobacillus

Answer 12

an intermediate stage between coccus and bacillus
-bacilli all divide into one plane

Question 13

pleomorphic

Answer 13

bacteria that vary in shape and size

Question 14

Star

Answer 14

-type of bacteria that is star shaped

Question 15

Random Bacillus

Answer 15

single, unpaired rods

Question 16

Diplobacilli

Answer 16

pair of rods

Question 17

streptobacilli

Answer 17

chain of rods

Question 18

Palisade

Answer 18

rods remain attach by snapping division
-separate division of endospore forming

Question 19

Reproduction

Answer 19

-all bacteria produce asexually by binary fission (most common)

Question 20

Binary Fission

Answer 20

1. Cell replicates its genome and attaches it to the cell membrane
2. Cell membrane elongates, separates genome
3. Cell membrane forms between genome copies
4. Daughter cells separate

Question 21

Why do prokaryotes have unique arrangements ?

Answer 21

-arrangements are a result of two aspects of cell division during binary fission
1. The plane at which the cell divides
2. Separation of daughter cells

Question 22

Vibrio Cholerae

Answer 22

Gram reaction: Negative
Shape and Arrangement: vibrio (singles)
Found: associated with contaminated seafood and water supply
Disease: cholerae (diarrhea)
*difficult to see shape/size due to its small size

Question 23

Escherichia coli

Answer 23

Gram reaction: negative
Shape and Arrangement: bacillus (single)
Found: associated with fecal contaminant food and water
Disease: strain 0157-H7 can cause renal failure, symptom is diarrhea

Question 24

Borrelia Burgdorferi

Answer 24

Gram reaction: negative
Shape and Arrangement: spirochete
Found: Small animals are the host for the disease (tick –> humans)
Diseases: Lyme Disease

Question 25

Helicobacter pylori

Answer 25

Gram reaction: negative Shape and Arrangement: spirillum (singles) Found: mucus lining of human inner stomach Diseases: gastric ulcers

Question 26

streptococcus pyogenes

Answer 26

Gram reaction: positive Shape and Arrangement: streptococcus Found: Human skin and in throat Diseases: pharyngitis, cellulitis, impetigo

Question 27

Bacillus anthracis

Answer 27

Gram reaction: positive Shape and Arrangement: streptobacillus Found: in soil Diseases: anthrax (skin and lung infection)

Question 28

staphylococcus (epidermis and aureus)

Answer 28

Gram reaction: positive Shape and arrangement: staphylococcus Found: S. epidermis and S. aureus are normal microbiota of the skin. Diseases: S. aureus can cause skin, lung, heart valve, and bone infections ( Osteomyelitis) S. Epidermis can cause wound infections, boils, sinus infections

Question 29

Neisseria gonorrhoeae

Answer 29

Gram: negative Shape: diplococcus (coffee bean) Found: lives in human urogenital track Disease: gonorrhea