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PBD FINAL > Bacteria I > Flashcards

Bacteria I Flashcards

1
Q

crystal violet

A

gram positive

blue

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2
Q

gram stain

A

crystal violet
iodine
alcohol wash
safranin

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3
Q

safranin

A

gram positive

red

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4
Q

penicillin

A

inhibits transpeptidase

-no peptidoglycan cross links

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5
Q

teichoic acid

A

gram positive

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6
Q

mureinlipoprotein

A

gram negative

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7
Q

gram positive

A

2 layers

-thick with lots of crosslinks

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8
Q

gram negative

A

3 layers

  • LPS - lipid A - endotoxin
  • thin layer

-blocked action of PCN and lysozymes

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9
Q

gram positives

A 
streptococci
straphylococcus
bacillus
clostridium
listeria
corynbacterium
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10
Q

spore former gram positive

A

rods

  • bacillus
  • clostridium
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11
Q

non-spore former gram positive

A

rods

  • listeria
  • corynbacterium
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12
Q

gram negative cocci

A

neisseria

moraxella

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13
Q

gram - spiral

A

spirochetes

  • treponema
  • barcellia
  • leptospira
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14
Q

gram - bacilli

A 
enterics
haemophilus
bordetella
legionella
yersinia
francisella
brucella
pasteurella
gardnerella
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15
Q

gram - pleomorphs

A

chlamydia

rickettsia

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16
Q

no cell wall

A

mycoplasm

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17
Q

obligate anaerobes

A

clostridium

bacteriode

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18
Q

catalse test

A

identify staph

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19
Q

coagulase test

A

identifiy staph aureus

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20
Q

single polar flagella

A

vibrio cholera

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21
Q

many flagella

A

E. coli

protues morabilis

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22
Q

no flagella

A

shigella

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23
Q

periplasmic flagella

A

spirochetes

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24
Q

protein capsule

A

bacillus anthracis

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25
Q

india ink stain

A

cryptococcus

-see capsule

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26
Q

quellung rxn

A

bacteria with capsules

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27
Q

tetanospasmin

A

clostridium tetani

-muscle contraction

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28
Q

botulinum

A

clostridium botulinum

-flaccid paralysis

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29
Q

cholaragen

A

vibrio cholera

-cAMP - release NaCl and H2O

30
Q

heat labile toxin

A

like cholera - cAMP

31
Q

heat stable toxin

A

cGMP

32
Q

shiga toxin

A

shigella dysenteria

  • kills epithelial cells
  • bloody diarrhea
33
Q

hemolytic uremic syndrome

A

EHEC

34
Q

lipid A

A

gram negative LPS

-released with lysis - endotoxin

35
Q

number one cause of ICU deaths

A

septic shock

36
Q

mediators of septic shock

A

TNF, IL-1, NO

37
Q

first with septic shock

A

get culture

38
Q

cAMP exotoxins

A

cholera
anthrax
montezuma revenge (ETEC)
pertussis

39
Q

transformation

A

DNA fragments enter COMPETENT recipient

40
Q

transduction

A

virus infects bacteria (bacteriophage)

  • virulent - lysis
  • temperate - latent
41
Q

lysogenic immunity

A

integrated phage inhibits other bacteriophages

42
Q

generalized transduction

A

virulent phage

-bacteriophage with bacterial DNA

43
Q

specialized transduction

A

temperate phage

-bacteriophage with bacterial DNA

44
Q

lysogenic conversion

A

corynbacterium diptheria

45
Q

conjugation

A

F plasmid and sex pilus

  • Hfr cell
  • can form F’ plasmid
46
Q

plasmids

A

enzymes that degrade antibiotics or generate virulent factors

47
Q

transposons

A

mobile genetic units

-can insert into DNA - WITHOUT homology

48
Q

beta hemolytic

A

complete lysis RBCs

49
Q

alpha hemolytic

A

partial lysis RBCs

50
Q

gamma hemolytic

A

no lysis RBCs

51
Q

group A beta hemolytic

A

strep pyogenes

52
Q

strep pyogenes

A

group A beta hemolytic

-gram positive cocci

53
Q

strep throat

A

strep pyogenes

-red tonsil, purulent exudate, high fever, swollen nodes

54
Q

test for strep throat

A

RADT

-strep pyogenes

55
Q

RADT

A

strep throat test

-strep pyogenes

56
Q

M-protein

A

strep pyogenes

-inhibit complement

57
Q

pyrogenic toxin

A

scarlet fever - strep pyogenes

58
Q

strep O and S

A

hemolytic

-strep pyogenes

59
Q

impetigo

A

crusty flaky mouth

-strep pyogenes

60
Q

pyoderma

A

pustule > crust > depigmented skin

-strep pyogenes

61
Q

erysipelas

A

dermis with advancing border

-strep pyogenes

62
Q

folliculitis, cellulitis

A

strep pyogenes

63
Q

necrotizing fasciitis

A

strep pyogenes

64
Q

fourniers

A

genital and perinum necrosis

-strep pyogenes

65
Q

scarlet fever

A

trunk rash - neck to extremities
-spares face

strep pyogenes
-due to lysogenic conversion (pyrogenic toxin)

66
Q

superantigen

A

with toxic shock syndrome

-strep pyogenes

67
Q

rheumatic fever

A

fever, myocarditis, arthritis, subQ nodules, erythema marginatum, chorea

-strep pyogenes

68
Q

fever, myocarditis, arthritis, subQ nodules, chorema, erthema marginatum

A

strep pyogenes

-rheumatic fever

69
Q

post-strep glomerulonephritis

A

week after pharyngitis or skin infection
-child - puffy face, dark urine, HTN

strep pyogenes

70
Q

week after pharyngitis, child with puffy face, dark urine

A

strep pyogenes

-post-strem glomerulonephritis

PBD FINAL (10 decks)

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