Background:Situation crime prevention Flashcards
What Did Newman aim to find?
To investigate two projects in New York to see the impact on crime.
(DEFENSIBLE SPACE)
What is Defensible space?
Where an area belongs to a particular person or small group of people
What method did Newman use?
Quasi
What was the sample for Newmans research?
•Two projects called: Van Dyke and Brownsville
•Van Dyke-High rise flats
•Brownsville-Series of walk up buildings
•Housed around 288 PEOPLE PER ACRE
What did Newman find?
•Brownsville gave greater opportunity for surveillance as it had courtyards and common entrance
•More care shown to communal areas(OWNERSHIP)
•Brownsville- children play out compared to Van Dyke no one about
What is the broken window theory?
The idea that disorderly behaviour in neighbourhoods leads to more serious crime.
What are the two types of disorder?
1)Physical
2)Social
What is an example of a physical disorder?
(Broken window theory)
Graffiti, Vandalism
What is an example of a social disorder?
(Broken window theory)
Sale of illicit drugs, Teenage gangs
What does the Broken window theory signal to others?
That no one cares and that crime won’t be challenged.
What is the flow chart for the Broken window theory?
1)Minor crime occurs
2)Leads to increased fear in residents
3)Residents remain isolated
4)Minor crimes left unchallenged
5)Increase feelings of isolation+ fear(LACK OF COMMUNITY COHESION)
6)More serious crime occurs
What is the Zero tolerance policy?
It addresses all types of crime no matter the severity
What are the three core principles of the zero tolerance policy?
1)Address all types of criminal acts
2)Officers to be confident and tackle all crime
3)Low level crime tacklers with low intensity, humane methods
What did the superintendent William bratton find with the Zero tolerance policy in new york?
That Homocides between1990-1997 decreased by 50%
