background of the new deals and race relations

Question 1

when was the first significant change in terms of black internal migration

Answer 1

1910-1920

Question 2

what were the reasons for the first stage of the ‘great migration’ in 1910s

Answer 2

• blacks escaped racial violence
• pay in the north was 3x more than what black people would make in the rural south
• there was a shortage of industrial labourers as WW1 stopped international immigrants
• recruiters enticed black Americans to come to the north through newspapers
• greater freedom in the north

Question 3

how many black people migrated to northern cities between 1915-1920

Answer 3

half a million

Question 4

by what % did Chicagos black population increase between 1910-1930

Answer 4

600%

Question 5

by what % did Detroit’s black population increase between 1910-1930

Answer 5

2000%

Question 6

why did social tensions increase due to the large-scale migration

Answer 6

• competition for employment and living space in increasingly crowded cities
• as migration increased, so did race riots and racial violence

Question 7

what happened in east St Louis

Answer 7

• July 1917, white assailants drove through a black neighbourhood, shooting indiscriminately
• this would set off a chain of events that would escalate to full mob violence
• death toll was 47
• much of the black population fled the city

Question 8

why did Dyer get involved after the east St Louis riot

Answer 8

• he represented part of the city of St Louis in the us house of representatives
• and large numbers of black people fleet into his district

Question 9

what efforts did Dyer make

Answer 9

• draft and promote federal anti-lynching legislation
• urged the house of representatives to make public the findings of the investigation into the causes and aftermath of the east St Louis riot
• Dyers bill increased the power of the federal government to step in where the state refused to prosecute racial violence
• Dyer was known as the primary congressional force behind anti-lynching legislation

Question 10

how did the Dyer Bill fail

Answer 10

failed in the senate

Question 11

what problems did black Americans face before the Great Depression

Answer 11

• prejudicial attitudes were common towards black Americans
• whites in the south were determined to maintain white supremacy, through violence, intimidation and through democratic control of southern state politics
• democrats from the south were very powerful in the US congress

Question 12

why did the Great Depression occur

Answer 12

crash of wall street 1929

Question 13

what was the impact of the great depression on black americans

Answer 13

• whites organised vigilante groups to prevent black employment
• black middle class was badly hit (black owed property in Harlem fell from 35% in 1929 to 5% in 1935)
• tens of thousands of southern black farmers left the land as crop prices plummeted
• unskilled black workers were usually ‘last hired and first hired’ and there was no social security system which led to disease and starvation
• many black farmers migrated to the cities but urban black employment was 30-60% and they were employed in low-paid jobs

Question 14

what was the percentage of the american workforce that was unemployed by 1932

Answer 14

25%

Question 15

what other groups did the democratic party include

Answer 15

• catholic voters in the south
• organised urban labour
• middle-class liberals

Question 16

what was Roosevelts vision for the US

Answer 16

his vision redefined the role of the relationship between the federal government power and the people

Question 17

what was the basis of Roosevelts ‘new deal’

Answer 17

his ‘new deal’ would see Roosevelt use federal government power and spending to help revive the economy