Back & UE Questions Flashcards
what is special about the C1 vertebrae
there is no body or spinous process
what is the name of othe ligament that connects adjacent vertebrae
ligamentum flavum
hypertrophy of the ligamentum flavum can lead to what?
spinal stenosis (can cause impingement and is most common indication for spinal surgery in pts 60+)
name the part of the intervertebral disc that herniates in disc prolapse?
nucleus pulposus (anulus fibrosus has a tear allowing the pulposus to protrude through and cause symptoms)
all spinal nerves participate in the dermatomes except which one?
C1
a patient presents with back pain, saddle paresthesia, loss of bowel/bladder control. What medical emergency are you concerned about?
cauda equina
what is the most common symptom of cauda equina?
low back pain
which nerve roots contain sensory (afferent) fibers?
dorsal nerve roots
what innervates latissimus dorsi
thoracodorsal nerve
which nerve and muscle is involved in winging of the scapula
serratus anterior and long thoracic nerve
name the condition where there is chronic inflammation of the spine and sacroiliac joints, associated with the HLAB27 gene, that appears as a bamboo spine on x-ray?
ankylosing spondylitis
what are the three subdivisions of the erector spinae
iliocostalis, longissimus, spinalis
the suboccipital triangle is an important landmark that is formed by the obliquus capitis superior and inferior, and the rectus capitis posterior major. what does the triangle contain that is so important?
3rd part of the vertebral artery, C1 nerve, venous plexus
a patient presents with accentuation of the thoracic curve. what is the name of this postural malalignment?
kyphosis
One vertebral body has slipped forward on another. what is the name of this process?
spondylolisthesis (often associated with pars fracture)
what is the most common pathogen involved in osteomyelitis
staph aureus
a patient experiencing bone pain in his spine on x-ray reveals punched out lytic lesions, what is the likely diagnosis?
multiple myeloma
All peanut lovers eat peanut butter
abductor pollicis longus, extensor pollicis brevis
PAD-DAB
palmar interossei are ADductors of the fingers
dorsal interossei are ABductors of the fingers
some lovers try positions that they can’t handle
scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum, pisiform, trapezium, trapezoid, capitate, hamate
what innervates the pectoralis muscles?
medial and lateral pectoral nerves
What innervates the serratus anterior muscle?
long thoracic nerve
what is a clinical sign if the long thoracic nerve is injured?
medially winged scapula
the musculocutaneous nerve derives from what cord in the brachial plexus
the lateral cord
A patient presenting with a claw hand may have what condition?
Klumpke’s paralysis
which nerve roots are involved in Klumpke’s paralysis?
C8-T1
A patient fell on his shoulder and presents with weakness of elbow flexion and shoulder adduction, flexion, and external rotation. What is the name of this condition?
Erb-Duchenne paralysis
what nerve roots are involved in erb-duchenne paralysis
Erb’s point: C5 and 6
what 4 nerves diverge from Erb’s point
lesser occipital nerve, greater auricular nerve, transverse cervical nerve, supraclavicular nerve
name the muscles that make up the rotator cuff
supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, subscapularis
what is the innervation of the supraspinatus and infraspinatus muscles
suprascapular nerve
what innervates teres minor
axillary nerve
what innervates subscapularis
lower subscapular nerve
a patient suffered a fracture of the humeral shaft. which nerve is at risk of being injured and what is the name of the clinical sign?
Radial nerve - wrist drop/radial nerve palsy
a patient injures the surgical neck of the humerus. what two structures are you concerned about given the location of the injury?
posterior circumflex humeral artery and the axillary nerve
a patient has sustained trauma to the quadrangular space of the arm. What structures are you concerned about in this space
axillary nerve and posterior circumflex humeral vessels
which is the most common form of shoulder dislocation
inferior or subglenoid dislocation
a patient suffered a supracondylar humerus fracture. the brachial arteri blood supply was compromoised leading to what?
Volkmann’s Ischemic contracture
A truck driver presents with tingling along her first and second fingers. Which nerve is likely involved?
Median nerve
What cord of the brachial plexus does the ulnar nerve originate from?
Medial
What is the innervation of the biceps brachii
musculocutaneous
Where do all of the superficial forearm flexors originate from?
medial epicondyle of humerus
what two nerves innervate the flexor compartment of the forearm
median and ulnar
what nerve passes through the two heads of the pronator teres?
median nerve
what nerve pierces the corachobrachialis muscle
musculocutaneous nerve
The anconeus assists the triceps in extending the elbow, what is its nerve supply?
radial nerve
what is the innervation of the triceps brachii?
radial nerve
which nerve is responsible for innervating the extensor surface of the forearm
radial nerve
Nursemaids elbow is a dislocation of which ligament?
annular ligament
which bone of the forearm is responsible for forming the major part of the elbow joint with the humerus?
ulna
when performing an exam of the elbow, you note a disrupted triangular relationship between the two humeral epicondyles and the olecranon process. what has likley happened?
elbow joint dislocation
a patient has injured her radial collateral ligament/inflammation of lateral epicondyle. Is this tennis elbow or golfer’s elbow?
Tennis elbow
A patient presents with snuffbox tenderness, what fracture are you concerned about?
scaphoid fracture
the adductor pollicis receives dual nerve supply from which two nerves?
ulnar and median
What can atrophy with prolonged carpal tunnel
thenar muscles
what are the carpal bones that articulate with the radius to form the wrist joint
scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum
what are the three muscles that make up the thenar eminence
flexor pollicis brevis, abductor pollicis brevis, opponens pollicis
All the muscles of the hand are supplied by the ulnar nerve except which muscles
thenar muscles, 1st and 2nd lumbricals (median nerve)
What is the most common type of wrist fracture in adults
colles fracture
the axillary artery is a continuation of which artery
subclavian artery
the axillary artery becomes what artery before branching into the radial and ulnar arteries at what level?
brachial artery at the lower border of the teres major
the dorsal venous arch drains from the ulnar side as what vein
basilic vein
the dorsal venous arch drains from the radial side as what vein
cephalic vein
which artery accompanies the ulnar nerve
ulnar artery
