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MSK > Back & UE Questions > Flashcards

Back & UE Questions Flashcards

1
Q

what is special about the C1 vertebrae

A

there is no body or spinous process

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2
Q

what is the name of othe ligament that connects adjacent vertebrae

A

ligamentum flavum

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3
Q

hypertrophy of the ligamentum flavum can lead to what?

A

spinal stenosis (can cause impingement and is most common indication for spinal surgery in pts 60+)

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4
Q

name the part of the intervertebral disc that herniates in disc prolapse?

A

nucleus pulposus (anulus fibrosus has a tear allowing the pulposus to protrude through and cause symptoms)

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5
Q

all spinal nerves participate in the dermatomes except which one?

A

C1

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6
Q

a patient presents with back pain, saddle paresthesia, loss of bowel/bladder control. What medical emergency are you concerned about?

A

cauda equina

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7
Q

what is the most common symptom of cauda equina?

A

low back pain

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8
Q

which nerve roots contain sensory (afferent) fibers?

A

dorsal nerve roots

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9
Q

what innervates latissimus dorsi

A

thoracodorsal nerve

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9
Q

which nerve and muscle is involved in winging of the scapula

A

serratus anterior and long thoracic nerve

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10
Q

name the condition where there is chronic inflammation of the spine and sacroiliac joints, associated with the HLAB27 gene, that appears as a bamboo spine on x-ray?

A

ankylosing spondylitis

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11
Q

what are the three subdivisions of the erector spinae

A

iliocostalis, longissimus, spinalis

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12
Q

the suboccipital triangle is an important landmark that is formed by the obliquus capitis superior and inferior, and the rectus capitis posterior major. what does the triangle contain that is so important?

A

3rd part of the vertebral artery, C1 nerve, venous plexus

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13
Q

a patient presents with accentuation of the thoracic curve. what is the name of this postural malalignment?

A

kyphosis

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14
Q

One vertebral body has slipped forward on another. what is the name of this process?

A

spondylolisthesis (often associated with pars fracture)

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15
Q

what is the most common pathogen involved in osteomyelitis

A

staph aureus

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16
Q

a patient experiencing bone pain in his spine on x-ray reveals punched out lytic lesions, what is the likely diagnosis?

A

multiple myeloma

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17
Q

All peanut lovers eat peanut butter

A

abductor pollicis longus, extensor pollicis brevis

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18
Q

PAD-DAB

A

palmar interossei are ADductors of the fingers

dorsal interossei are ABductors of the fingers

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19
Q

some lovers try positions that they can’t handle

A

scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum, pisiform, trapezium, trapezoid, capitate, hamate

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20
Q

what innervates the pectoralis muscles?

A

medial and lateral pectoral nerves

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21
Q

What innervates the serratus anterior muscle?

A

long thoracic nerve

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22
Q

what is a clinical sign if the long thoracic nerve is injured?

A

medially winged scapula

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23
Q

the musculocutaneous nerve derives from what cord in the brachial plexus

A

the lateral cord

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24
Q

A patient presenting with a claw hand may have what condition?

A

Klumpke’s paralysis

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25
Q

which nerve roots are involved in Klumpke’s paralysis?

A

C8-T1

26
Q

A patient fell on his shoulder and presents with weakness of elbow flexion and shoulder adduction, flexion, and external rotation. What is the name of this condition?

A

Erb-Duchenne paralysis

27
Q

what nerve roots are involved in erb-duchenne paralysis

A

Erb’s point: C5 and 6

28
Q

what 4 nerves diverge from Erb’s point

A

lesser occipital nerve, greater auricular nerve, transverse cervical nerve, supraclavicular nerve

29
Q

name the muscles that make up the rotator cuff

A

supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, subscapularis

30
Q

what is the innervation of the supraspinatus and infraspinatus muscles

A

suprascapular nerve

31
Q

what innervates teres minor

A

axillary nerve

32
Q

what innervates subscapularis

A

lower subscapular nerve

33
Q

a patient suffered a fracture of the humeral shaft. which nerve is at risk of being injured and what is the name of the clinical sign?

A

Radial nerve - wrist drop/radial nerve palsy

34
Q

a patient injures the surgical neck of the humerus. what two structures are you concerned about given the location of the injury?

A

posterior circumflex humeral artery and the axillary nerve

35
Q

a patient has sustained trauma to the quadrangular space of the arm. What structures are you concerned about in this space

A

axillary nerve and posterior circumflex humeral vessels

36
Q

which is the most common form of shoulder dislocation

A

inferior or subglenoid dislocation

37
Q

a patient suffered a supracondylar humerus fracture. the brachial arteri blood supply was compromoised leading to what?

A

Volkmann’s Ischemic contracture

38
Q

A truck driver presents with tingling along her first and second fingers. Which nerve is likely involved?

A

Median nerve

39
Q

What cord of the brachial plexus does the ulnar nerve originate from?

A

Medial

40
Q

What is the innervation of the biceps brachii

A

musculocutaneous

41
Q

Where do all of the superficial forearm flexors originate from?

A

medial epicondyle of humerus

42
Q

what two nerves innervate the flexor compartment of the forearm

A

median and ulnar

43
Q

what nerve passes through the two heads of the pronator teres?

A

median nerve

44
Q

what nerve pierces the corachobrachialis muscle

A

musculocutaneous nerve

45
Q

The anconeus assists the triceps in extending the elbow, what is its nerve supply?

A

radial nerve

46
Q

what is the innervation of the triceps brachii?

A

radial nerve

47
Q

which nerve is responsible for innervating the extensor surface of the forearm

A

radial nerve

48
Q

Nursemaids elbow is a dislocation of which ligament?

A

annular ligament

49
Q

which bone of the forearm is responsible for forming the major part of the elbow joint with the humerus?

A

ulna

50
Q

when performing an exam of the elbow, you note a disrupted triangular relationship between the two humeral epicondyles and the olecranon process. what has likley happened?

A

elbow joint dislocation

51
Q

a patient has injured her radial collateral ligament/inflammation of lateral epicondyle. Is this tennis elbow or golfer’s elbow?

A

Tennis elbow

52
Q

A patient presents with snuffbox tenderness, what fracture are you concerned about?

A

scaphoid fracture

53
Q

the adductor pollicis receives dual nerve supply from which two nerves?

A

ulnar and median

54
Q

What can atrophy with prolonged carpal tunnel

A

thenar muscles

55
Q

what are the carpal bones that articulate with the radius to form the wrist joint

A

scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum

56
Q

what are the three muscles that make up the thenar eminence

A

flexor pollicis brevis, abductor pollicis brevis, opponens pollicis

57
Q

All the muscles of the hand are supplied by the ulnar nerve except which muscles

A

thenar muscles, 1st and 2nd lumbricals (median nerve)

58
Q

What is the most common type of wrist fracture in adults

A

colles fracture

59
Q

the axillary artery is a continuation of which artery

A

subclavian artery

60
Q

the axillary artery becomes what artery before branching into the radial and ulnar arteries at what level?

A

brachial artery at the lower border of the teres major

61
Q

the dorsal venous arch drains from the ulnar side as what vein

A

basilic vein

62
Q

the dorsal venous arch drains from the radial side as what vein

A

cephalic vein

63
Q

which artery accompanies the ulnar nerve

A

ulnar artery

MSK (9 decks)

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