Back Osteology

Question 1

Name the 6 Classifications of Bones

Answer 1

Long

Short

Flat

Irregular

Sesamoid

Sutural/Wormian

Question 2

What is the anatomy of Long Bones?

Answer 2

Epiphysis

Epiphyseal Plate (Physis)

Metaphysis

Diaphysis

Epiphyseal Line

Question 3

What are the two types of bone?

What is inside the bone?

Answer 3

Compact Bone (Outermost)

Cancellous/Spongy Bone (Innermost)

Medullary/Marrow Cavity

Question 4

Identify on Atlas (C1)

• Anterior Arch of the Atlas
  
  • Fovea for Odontoid Process
  • Anterior Tubercle of the Atlas
• Posterior Arch of the Atlas
  
  • Groove for the Vertebral artery
  • Posterior Tubercle of the Atlas
• Lateral Mass of the Atlas
  
  • Tubercle for the Transverse Ligament
• Superior Articulating Process
• Inferior Articulating Process
• Transverse Process
  
  • Transverse Foramen

Question 5

Identify on Axis (C2)

• Vertebral Body of Axis
  
  • Odontoid Process

Question 6

Identify on Typical Cervical Vertebrae (C3-C6)

• Vertebral Body of the Cervical Vertebra
  
  • Uncinate Process (elevated superolateral margin of the Vertebral Body)
• Vertebral Foramen of the Cervical Vertebra
• Vertebral Arch of the Cervical Vertebra
  
  • Pedicle
  • Lamina
• Spinous Process of the Cervical Vertebra
• Transverse process of the Cervical Vertebra
  
  • Transverse Foramen
  • Posterior Tubercle of the Cervical Transverse Process
  • Anterior Tubercle of the Cervical Transverse Process
  • Costotransverse Bar
• Superior Articulating Process of the Cervical Vertebra
  
  • Superior Articulating Facet
• Inferior Articulating Process of the Cervical Vertebra
  
  • Inferior Articulating Facet

Question 7

Spinous Process of C7: Vertebra Prominens

Question 8

Identify on Thoracic Vertebrae

• Vertebral Body of Thoracic Vertebra
  
  • Superior Costal Facet (Costal Head of same numeric segment)
  • Inferior Costal Facet (Costal Head one numeric segment up)
• Vertebral Foramen of Thoracic Vertebra
• Vertebral Arch of Thoracic Vertebra
  
  • Pedicle
  • Lamina
• Spinous Process of Thoracic Vertebra
• Transverse Process of Thoracic Vertebra
  
  • Transverse Costal Facet (Costal Tubercle of the same numeric segment)
• Superior Articular Process of Thoracic Vertebra
  
  • Superior Articulating Facet
• Inferior Articular Process of Thoracic Vertebra
  
  • Inferior Articulating Facet

Question 9

Identify on Typical Ribs (3rd - 9th)

• Head
  
  • Superior Articular Facet (Inferior Costal Demifacet on Thoracic Vertebral Body one numeric segment superiorly)
  • Inferior Articular Facet (Superior Costal Demifacet on Thoracic Vertebral Body of the same numeric segment)
  • Crest of the Head (separates the two Articular Facets)
• Neck
• Tubercle (possesses an Articular Part with an Articular Facet and a Nonparticular Part that is the attachment point for the Lateral Costotransverse L.)
  
  • Articular Facet (articulates with Transverse Costal Facets on Thoracic Vertebrae)
• Body
  
  • Costal Groove (houses Intercostal nerve and vessels)
  • Costal Angle

Question 10

Identify on Lumbar Vertebrae (5)

• Vertebral Body
• Vertebral Foramen
• Vertebral Arch
  
  • Pedicle
  • Lamina
• Spinous Process
• Transverse Process
  
  • Accessory Process
• Superior Articulating Process
  
  • Articulating Facet
  • Mamillary Process
• Inferior Articulating Process
  
  • Articulating Facet

Question 11

Identify on Sacrum (5 Fused Vertebrae)

• Base
  
  • Superior Articulating Process of Sacrum
  • Sacral Promontory
  • Vertebral Body of S1
  • Sacral Ala
    
    • Auricular Surface
• Dorsal Surface
  
  • Median Sacral Crest
  • Medial (Intermediate) Sacral Crest
  • Lateral Sacral Crest
  • Sacral Tuberosity
  • Dorsal Sacral Foramina/Foramen
  • Sacral Hiatus
  • Sacral Cornua
• Ventral Surface
  
  • Transverse Lines
  • Ventral Sacral Foramina/Foramen
• Sacral Canal (continuation of Vertebral Foramina, transmits Cauda Equina)
• Apex
  
  • Articular Facet for Coccyx
• Coccyx
  
  • Coccygeal Cornua
  • Transverse Process of Coccyx (present only on the superior most Coccygeal Segment)
  • Tip of Coccyx