Back Arthrology

Question 1

Synovial Joints

Other name for Synovial Joint

What do they each have?

Types of Joints / Movement / Joint Example

Answer 1

• Diarthrosis
• Articular Capsule, Synovial Membrane, Hyaline Cartline Lining Both Bones, Synovial Fluid
• Planar (AC Joint)
  
  • Usually Uniaxial / Non-axial
  • Gliding
• Ginglymus/Hinge (Elbow Joint)
  
  • Uniaxial
  • Flexion/Extension
• Trochoid/Pivot (Atlantoaxial Joint)
  
  • Uniaxial
  • Rotation
• Condyloid (MCP Joint)
  
  • Biaxial
  • Flex/Ext; Abd/Add/Circumduct
• Sellar/Saddle (CMC Joint)
  
  • Biaxial
  • Flex/Ext; Abd/Add/False Circumduct w/o Rotation
• Spheroidal/Ball & Socket (Hip or Shoulder Joint)
  
  • Multiaxial
• Compound Synovial (combination of joints)

Question 2

Fibrous Joints

Other name for Fibrous Joint

Type of Joint & Description

Answer 2

Synarthrosis

Sutures (interlocked bone separated by fibrous CT)

Schindylesis (tongue-in-groove joined by fibrous CT)

Gomphosis (peg-in-socket joined by fibrous CT)

Syndesmosis (two bones separated by fibrous membrane)

Question 3

Cartilaginous Joints

Other name for Cartilaginous Joint

Types of Joints and description

Answer 3

Amphiarthrosis

Synchondrosis (Primary) - Temporary cartilaginous unions of Hyaline Cartilage (Diaphysis & Epiphysis of growing bone)

Symphysis (Secondary) - Strong slightly moveable joints united by Fibrocartilage

Question 4

Compound Joint

Description and Examples

Answer 4

Joint with articulations from more than 1 of the 3 main joint categories

Ex: Radioulnar Joint; Vertebral Joints

Question 5

Vertebral Joints

• Name the type of Joint:
  
  • C1/C2
  • Intervertebral Joints (C3-S1, S5-Co1)
  • Zygopophyseal Joints (C1-S1)

Answer 5

Compound Synovial Joint (Planar & Trochoid)

Symphysis

Planar Synovial

Question 6

Ligaments in Vertebral Joints

What are the ligaments and where are they?

Answer 6

• Anterior Longitudinal L. (ventral surface of bodies)
• Posterior Longitudinal L. (dorsal surface of bodies)
• Ligamentum flavum (ventral surface of Laminae)
• Interspinous L.
• Intertransverse L.
• Supraspinous L. (dorsal surface of spinous process, continues as Ligamentum Nuchae in CS)
• Intervertebral Discs
  
  • Annulus Fibrosis (Outer Region - Fibrocartilage)
  • Nucleus Pulposus (Inner Region)

Question 7

Atlantooccipital Joint

Type of Joint

Bones Involved

Ligaments Involved

Answer 7

Condyloid Synovial Joint

Atlas & Basilar Occipital B.

Anterior Atlantooccipital Membrane (Anterior Arch of Atlas to Basilar Occipital B. - From Anterior Longitudinal L.)

Tectorial Membrane (Posterior surface of Body of Axis to Foramen Magnum - From Posterior Longitudinal L.)

Posterior Atlantooccipital Membrane (Anterior surface of Posterior Arch of Atlas to Foramen Magnum - From Ligamentum Flavum)

Question 8

Median Atlantoaxial Joint

Type of Joint

Bones Involved

Ligaments Involved

Answer 8

• Trochoid Synovial Joint
• Anterior Facet of Dens of Axis & Articular Facet for Dens on Atlas
• Cruciate L
  
  • Superior Longitudinal Band (Occipital B. to Transverse L.)
  • Transverse L. of Atlas (Tubercle for Transverse L. on Atlas to Contralateral Tubercle for Transverse L.)
  • Inferior Longitudinal Band (C2 to Transverse L.)
• Alar L. (Odontoid Process to Occipital B.)
• Apical L. of Dens (Apex of Dens to Occipital B.)

Question 9

Lateral Atlantoaxial Joint

Type of Joint

Bones Involved

Answer 9

Planar Synovial Joint

Superior and Inferior Articulating Processes of Atlas and Axis

Question 10

Lumbosacral Joint

Type of Joint

Bones Involved

Ligaments Involved

Answer 10

Compound Joint (Symphysis & Zygopophyseal Planar)

L5-S1

Anterior Longitudinal L.

Posterior Longitudinal L.

Ligamentum Flavum

Interspinous L./Intertransverse L./Supraspinous L. Absent

Intervertebral Disc (Annulus Fibrosis & Nucleus Pulposus)