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Anatomy > Back Osteology > Flashcards

Back Osteology Flashcards

1
Q

Bone classifications

A 
Long
Short
Flat
Irregular
Sesamoid
Sutural/Wormian bones
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2
Q

Long bones

A

Humerus/femur

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3
Q

Short bones

A

Tarsals/carpals

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4
Q

Short bone shape

A

Cuboidal

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5
Q

Flat bones

A

Squamous Skull

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6
Q

Irregular bones

A

Facial bones

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7
Q

Sesamoid bones

A

Patella

Embedded in tendon

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8
Q

Sutural/Wormian bones

A

Amid skull sutures in the neurocranium

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9
Q

Parts of the long bones

A 
Epiphysis
Epiphyseal plate
Metaphysis
Diaphysis
Epiphysial line
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10
Q

Epiphysis

A

Portion of the bone furthest from the center

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11
Q

Epiphyseal plate

A

Cartilaginous region between epiphysis and metaphysis

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12
Q

Metaphysis

A

Flared region between diaphysis and epiphyseal plate

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13
Q

Diaphysis

A

Central portion of a bone

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14
Q

Epiphyseal line

A

Region b/w metaphysis and epiphysis after cessation of ossification

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15
Q

Compact bone

A

Outermost solid layer of long bones

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16
Q

What is cancellous/Spongy bone

A

Innermost sinusoidal layer of long bones

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17
Q

Fxn of Medullary/Marrow Cavity

A

Replaces some of the cancellous bone layer in adults

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18
Q

Parts of the posterior basicranium

A 
Temporal bone (paired)
Occipital bone (unpaired)
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19
Q

Parts of the Temporal bone

A 
Squamous part (head)
Petrous part (head)
Mastoid part
Tympanic part (head)
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20
Q

Parts of the Mastoid

A 
Mastoid process
Mastoid foramen
Styloid process
Stylomastoid foramen
Mastoid notch
Mandibular fossa
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21
Q

Fxn of Mastoid process

A

Multiple muscular attachments

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22
Q

Fxn of Mastoid foramen

A

Transmits Mastoid Emissary Vein and Meningeal branch of Occipital Artery

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23
Q

What is the origin of the styloid muscles and ligament?

A

Styloid process

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24
Q

The mastoid notch is medial to what?

A

Mastoid process

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25
Q

What does the mandibular fossa articulate with?

A

Condylar process of mandible at the temporomandibular joint

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26
Q

Parts of the Occipital bone

A

Internal and External Squamous parts

Internal and external basilar parts

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27
Q

Parts of the External Squamous Part

A

External Occipital Protuberance/Inion
Superior Nuchal Line
Inferior Nuchal Line
External Occipital Crest

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28
Q

The Superior Nuchal Line laterally extends from what?

A

The External Occipital Protuberance

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29
Q

What is inferior to the Superior Nuchal Line?

A

The Inferior Nuchal Line

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30
Q

Parts of the External Basilar part?

A

Pharyngeal Tubercle
Occipital Condyle
Condylar Canal

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31
Q

What is the insertion point for the Superior Pharyngeal Constrictor muscle?

A

Pharyngeal tubercle

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32
Q

Pharyngeal tubercle

A

Central
Anterior to Foramen Magnum
Protrudes inferiorly

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33
Q

Is the Occipital Condyle paired or unpaired?

A

Paired on either side of Foramen Magnum

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34
Q

What does the Occipital Condyle pair with?

A

Superior Articulating process of C1 Atlas

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35
Q

Where is the Condylar Canal in reference to the Occipital Condyle?

A

Posterolateral

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36
Q

How many cervical vertebrae?

A

7

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37
Q

Where are the C. Vertebrae located?

A

B/w the occipital bone and thoracic vertebrae

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38
Q

C1 is also called what?

A

Atlas (Holds up the world)

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39
Q

Fovea for Odontoid Process is located Ant. or Pos. on the atlas?

A

Anterior

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40
Q

Parts of the C1 Vertebrae

A

Anterior Arch
Posterior Arch
Lateral Mass

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41
Q

Parts of the Anterior Arch of the Atlas

A

Fovea for the Odontoid process
Facet for the Odontoid process
Anterior tubercle

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42
Q

Parts of the Posterior arch

A

Groove for the Vertebral artery

Posterior tubercle

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43
Q

The posterior tubercle of the Atlas is analogous to what?

A

Spinous process of regular vertebrae

44
Q

Parts of the lateral mass

A

Tubercle for the transverse ligament
Superior articulating process
Inferior articulating process
Transverse Process

45
Q

The tubercle for the transverse ligament is the origin and contralateral insertion for what?

A

Transverse band of the Cruciform ligament

46
Q

What does the superior articulating process articulate with?

A

The occipital condyles

47
Q

What does the inferior articulating process articulate with?

A

C2 (Axis)

48
Q

What is located within the Transverse Process and what does it transmit?

A

Transverse Foramen transmits the Vertebral artery

49
Q

Where is the fracture of a Jeffersonian Fracture?

A

Arches of the Atlas

50
Q

Will a Jeffersonian fracture injure the spinal cord?

A

No, unless the transverse ligament is ruptured

51
Q

Main feature of the C2 Vertebra

A

Odontoid Process

52
Q

Cause of Jefferson Fracture

A

Blow to the top of the head (falling object or diving accident)

53
Q

Where are the two areas that the Axis is susceptible to fracture?

A

Odontoid process

Vertebral arch

54
Q

Hangman’s Fracture occurs from what?

A

Hyperextension of the head, fracture of the vertebral arch

55
Q

Where is the fracture on an Odontoid Process that will allow it to heal?

A

Inferior to the base

56
Q

What are the features of a typical C. Vertebra (C3-6)?

A 
Vertebral Body
Vertebral Foramen
Vertebral Arch
Spinous process
Transverse Process
Superior Articulating Process
Inferior Articulating Process
57
Q

Vertebral Body

A

Small and wide, superior surface concave, inferior surface convex

58
Q

What does the Vertebral Foramen transmit?

A

Spinal cord

59
Q

Two features of the vertebral arch

A

Pedicle

Lamina

60
Q

Spina Bifida arises because of a developmental abnormality in what?

A

Vertebral Lamina fail to fuse and close off the vertebral canal

61
Q

Spina Bifida commonly occurs at which vertebrae?

A

L5 and S1

62
Q

What is a typical sign of benign spina bifida?

A

Tuft of hair over the defect

63
Q

What is the appearance of the Spinous Process?

A

Short and bifid

64
Q

What are the parts of the transverse process?

A

Transverse foramen
Posterior tubercle
Anterior tubercle
Costotransverse bar

65
Q

Function of the Transverse Foramen

A

C1-6 transmit the Vertebral A.

66
Q

Attachment points for levator scapulae and scalene muscles

A

Anterior and Posterior Tubercles

67
Q

Fxn of the costotransverse bar

A

Lateral boundary of the Transverse foramen
Links the Costal and Transverse elements of the Transverse Process
Possesses a depressed area that accomodates the Anterior Rami of Spinal Nerves

68
Q

What does the Superior Articulating process articulate with?

A

The Inferior Articulating Process of the vertebral setment above

69
Q

What is the main feature of the Vertebra Prominens?

A

Long and well-pronounced Spinous Process

70
Q

Will a dislocation in the C. Vertebrae cause injury to the spinal cord?

A

No

71
Q

How many Thoracic Vertebrae?

A

12

72
Q

What is the function of the Thoracic Vertebrae?

A

Attachment for the ribs

73
Q

The ___ of each rib articulates with the ___ of the thoracic vertebral body above the rib number and the ____ of the vertebral body of the same number

A

Head, Inferior costal demifacet, superior costal demifacet

74
Q

Parts of the typical rib (3-9)

A

Head
Neck
Tubercle
Body (shaft)

75
Q

What does the head of the rib articulate with?

A

Thoracic Vertebrae

76
Q

Parts of the rib head

A

Superior and Inferior Articular facets

Crest of the head

77
Q

Fxn of the Superior Articular Facet?

A

Articulates with inferior Costal Demifacet on Thoracic Vertebral Body one numeric segment superiorly

78
Q

Fxn of the Inferior Articular Facet

A

Articulates with Superior Costal Demifacet on Thoracic Vertebral of the same numeric segment

79
Q

Fxn of the crest of the head of the ribs

A

Separates the two articular facets

80
Q

What is the stretch of the bone b/w the head and tubercle of the ribs?

A

Neck

81
Q

What does the articular facet of the rib tubercle articulate with?

A

Transverse Costal Facets on Thoracic Vertebrae

82
Q

What attaches to the nonarticular part of the rib tubercle?

A

Lateral Costotransverse Ligament

83
Q

What are the two parts of the rib body?

A

Costal Groove

Costal Angle

84
Q

What houses the Intercostal nerve and vessels?

A

Costal Groove

85
Q

What is the anterolateral Turning point of the rib called?

A

Costal angle

86
Q

What is name of the disease that involves calcification of the edges of the Vertebral body?

A

Spondylosis

87
Q

What does spondylosis cause?

A

Localized pain and stiffness

88
Q

Separation of the Vertebral Arch from the Vertebral Body is called what?

A

Spondylolysis

89
Q

Anterior displacement of the Vertebral Body on the Inferior Vertebral Segment is known as _____.

A

Spondylolisthesis

90
Q

How many Lumbar Vertebrae?

A

5

91
Q

What does the Vertebral Foramen of the Lumbar Vertebrae transmit?

A

Spinal Cord
Conus Medullaris
Cauda Equina

92
Q

What attaches to the Accessory Process of the Transverse Process of the Lumbar Vertebrae?

A

Intertransversarii muscles

93
Q

What is unique to the superior articulating process of the lumbar vertebrae?

A

Mamillary Process

94
Q

What attaches to the Mamillary process?

A

Multifidi muscles and Intertransversarii muscles

95
Q

Narrowing of the lumbar vertebral foramen is called what?

A

Lumbar Spinal Stenosis

96
Q

Where are lumbar punctures performed on the spine?

A

L3/L4 or L4/L5

97
Q

What type of vertebrae is the Sacrum composed of?

A

5 fused vertebrae

98
Q

Parts of the Sacrum

A 
Base
Dorsal Surface
Ventral surface
Sacral Canal
Apex
99
Q

Features of the Dorsal Sacrum

A 
Rough and convex
Median Sacral Crest
Medial Sacral Crest
Lateral Sacral Crest
Sacral Tuberosity
Posterior (Dorsal) Sacral Foramina
Sacral Hiatus
Sacral Cornua
100
Q

Features of the Ventral Sacrum

A

4x Transverse Lines

Anterior Sacral Foramina

101
Q

What does the Anterior Sacral Foramina transmit?

A

Anterior Ramus of Sacral Spinal nerves

102
Q

What does the Apex of the sacrum articulate with/

A

Coccyx

103
Q

Parts of the Coccyx

A

Coccygeal Cornua
Transverse Process
Tip

104
Q

Curvature of the Thoracic spine

A

Kyphosis

105
Q

Curvature of the Lumbar spine

A

Lordosis

Anatomy (6 decks)

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