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Anatomy > Back Myology > Flashcards

Back Myology Flashcards

1
Q

What kind of muscle is described by muscle on one side, tendon on the other?

A

Unipennate

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2
Q

What kind of muscle is described by muscle on either side of a tendon?

A

Bipennate

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3
Q

What kind of muscle appears to have multiple feathered muscle groups?

A

Multipennate

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4
Q

What kind of muscles are feather-like?

A

Pennate

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5
Q

What kind of muscles are spindle shaped with a thick central region and tapered ends?

A

Fusiform muscles

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6
Q

What kind of muscles appear to have two bellies?

A

Digastric muscles

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7
Q

What kind of muscle appears to be broken up by tendon?

A

Multiventral muscles

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8
Q

What kind of muscles have multiple tendons (fingers and toes)?

A

Multicaudal muscles

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9
Q

What muscles appear to have a jagged edge?

A

Serrated muscles

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10
Q

What muscles surround openings?

A

Circular or sphincteral muscles

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11
Q

What muscles appear to be square or equal-sided?

A

Quadrate muscles

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12
Q

____ skeletal muscle activates a specific movement of the body

A

Agonist

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13
Q

____ skeletal muscle opposes action of a specific movement of the body

A

Antagonist

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14
Q

____ skeletal muscles complement actions of other muscle and prevent movement of an intervening joint when that muscle passes more than one joint

A

Synergist

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15
Q

____ skeletal muscle stabilizes joints, or the proximal part of a joint while the distal portion is in motion

A

Fixator

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16
Q

How many layers of the back?

A

6

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17
Q

Which layers are extrinsic?

A

Layers 1, 2, and 3

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18
Q

Which layers are intrinsic?

A

Layers 4, 5, and 6

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19
Q

_____ layers are innervated by Posterior Rami

A

Intrinsic

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20
Q

_____ layers are innervated by an Anterior Ramus or Cranial Nerve

A

Extrinsic

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21
Q

Muscles of Layer 1

A

Trapezius M.

Latissimus Dorsi M.

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22
Q

Origin of the Trapezius M.

A

Spinous processes of C7-T12, Ligamentum Nuchae, External Occipital Protuberance and medial 1/3 of Superior Nuchal Line of Occipital B.

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23
Q

Insertion point of the Trapezius M.

A

Lateral 1/3 of the Clavicle, Acromion and Scapular Spine

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24
Q

Action of the Trapezius Muscle

A

Rotates point of the Glenoid Cavity superiorly
Retracts scapula
Elevate and depresses scapula
Extends and flexes the neck bilaterally
Rotates face away when working unilaterally

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25
Q

Innervation of the Trapezius Muscle

A

Spinal Accessory Nerve

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26
Q

Origin of the Latissimus Dorsi M.

A 
Spinous processes of the T6-12
Ribs 9-12
Iliac Crest
Spinous Processes of L1-5
Median Sacral Crest
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27
Q

Insertion point of the Latissimus Dorsi M.

A

Floor of the Humeral Intertubercular Groove

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28
Q

Action of the Latissimus Dorsi M.

A

Extend, Adduct, and medially rotate the Humerus

Rotate the Glenoid Cavity inferiorly

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29
Q

Innervation of the Lattisimus Dorsi M.

A

Thoracodorsal N.

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30
Q

Muscles of Layer 2

A

Rhomboid Major M.
Rhomboid Minor M.
Levator Scapulae M.

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31
Q

Origin of the Rhomboid Major M.

A

Spinous processes of T2-5

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32
Q

Insertion point of the Rhomboid Major M.

A

Medial border of the scapula (inferior to the scapular spine)

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33
Q

Action of the Rhomboid Major M.

A

Retract and elevate scapula

Rotate the Glenoid Cavity inferiorly

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34
Q

Innervation of the Rhomboid Major M.

A

Dorsal Scapular N.

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35
Q

Origin of the Rhomboid Minor M.

A

Spinous processes of the C7-T1

Lower part of the Ligamentum Nuchae

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36
Q

Action of the Rhomboid Minor M.

A

Retract and elevate scapula

Rotate the Glenoid Cavity inferiorly

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37
Q

Innervation of the Rhomboid Minor M.

A

Dorsal Scapular N.

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38
Q

Origin of Levator Scapulae M.

A

Posterior tubercles of the Transverse Processes C1-4

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39
Q

Insertion point of Levator Scapulae M.

A

Medial border of scapula

Superior to scapular spine

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40
Q

Action of the Levator scapula

A

Elevate the scapula
Rotate glenoid cavity inferiorly
Extend and laterally flex the neck

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41
Q

Muscles of Layer 3

A

Serratus Posterior Superior M.

Serratus Posterior Inferior M.

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42
Q

Origin of Serratus Posterior SUPERIOR M.

A

Nuchal ligament

Spinous Processes C7-T3

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43
Q

Insertion point of Serratus Posterior SUPERIOR M.

A

Superior surfaces of ribs 2-4

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44
Q

Action of Serratus Posterior SUPERIOR M.

A

Elevate ribs with forced inspiration, propioception

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45
Q

Innervation of the Serratus Posterior SUPERIO M.

A

Intercostal Nerve

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46
Q

Origin of the Serratus Posterior INFERIOR M.

A

Spinous processes T11-12

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47
Q

Insertion point of the Serratus Posterior INFERIOR M.

A

Inferior surface of ribs 8-12

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48
Q

Action of the Serratus Posterior INFERIOR M.

A

Depress ribs with forced expiration, propioception

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49
Q

Innervation of the Serratus Posterior INFERIOR M.

A

Anterior Rami T9-12

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50
Q

Muscles of Layer 4

A

Splenius Capitus M.

Splenius Cervicus M.

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51
Q

Origin of Splenius Capitus M.

A

Lower half of Ligamentum Nuchae

Spinous Process C7-T3(4)

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52
Q

Insertion point of the Splenius Capitus M.

A

Mastoid Process of Temporal B.

Lateral 1/3 Superior Nuchal Line of the Occipital B.

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53
Q

Action of the Splenius Capitus M.

A

Extend the neck when working bilaterally

Laterally flex neck and rotate face toward opposite side when working unilaterally

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54
Q

Innervation of Splenius Capitus M.

A

Posterior Rami C3-5

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55
Q

Origin of Splenius Cervicus M.

A

Spinous processes T3-6

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56
Q

Insertion point of the Splenius Cervicus M.

A

Transverse Processes C1-3(4)

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57
Q

Action of the Splenius Cervicus M.

A

Extend neck when working bilaterally

Laterally flex neck and rotate face toward opposite side when working unilaterally

58
Q

Innervation of the Splenius Cervicus M.

A

Posterior Rami C5-7

59
Q

What is the group of muscles in layer 5 called?

A

Erector Spinae

60
Q

What is the action of the Erector Spinae group?

A

Maintain posture
Extend Vertebral column and head
Laterally flex the vertebral column

61
Q

Innervation of the Erector Spinae Group?

A

Posterior Rami of Spinal Nerves

62
Q

What are the 3 Erector Spinae Muscle groups?

A

Iliocostalis
Longissimus
Spinalis

63
Q

Muscles of the Iliocostalis group

A

Iliocostalis Lumborum M.
Iliocostalis Thoracis M.
Iliocostalis Cervicus M.

64
Q

Origin of the Iliocostalis Lumborum M.

A 
Posteromedial Iliac Crest
Spinous Processes T11-L5
Median Sacral Crest
Lateral Sacral Crest
Sacrotuberous Ligament
Long Posterior Sacroiliac Ligament
65
Q

Insertion point of the Iliocostalis Lumborum M.

A

Costal angles of Ribs 6-12

66
Q

Origin of the Iliocostalis Thoracis M.

A

Costal Angles of Ribs 6-12

67
Q

Insertion point of the Iliocostalis Thoracis M.

A

Costal Angles of Ribs 1-6 and Transverse Process C7

68
Q

Origin of Iliocostalis Cervicus M.

A

Costal angles of Ribs 3-6

69
Q

Insertion point of Iliocostalis Cervicus M.

A

Posterior Tubercles of Transverse Processes C4-6

70
Q

3 Muscles of the Longissimus group

A

Longissimus Thoracis M.
Longissimus Capitus M.
Longissimus Cervicus M.

71
Q

Origin of the Longissimus Thoracis M.

A

Common with Iliocostalis Lumborum M.

Transverse and Accessory processes L1-5

72
Q

Insertion point of the Longissimus Thoracis M.

A

Transverse Processes T1-L2

Ribs 3-12 between the Costal Tubercle and Costal Angle

73
Q

Origin of the Longissimus Cervicus M.

A

Transverse processes T1-5

74
Q

Insertion point of the Longissimus Cervicus M.

A

Posterior Tubercles of Transverse processes and Articular processes of C2-6

75
Q

Origin of the Longissimus Capitus M.

A

Transverse processes T1-5

Articular processes C4-7

76
Q

Insertion point of the Longissimus Capitus M.

A

Mastoid process of the temporal B.

77
Q

Action of the Longissimus Capitus M.

A

Extend neck working bilaterally

Laterally flex the neck and rotate face toward working unilaterally

78
Q

3 muscles of the Spinalis group

A

Spinalis Thoracis
Spinalis Cervicus
Spinalis Capitus

79
Q

Origin of the Spinalis Thoracis M.

A

Spinous Processes T11-L2

80
Q

Insertion of the Spinalis Thoracis M

A

T1-4

81
Q

Origin of the Spinalis Cervicus M.

A

Spinous processes T1-6

82
Q

Insertion of the Spinalis Cervicus M.

A

C2 (3,4)

83
Q

Muscles of Layer 6

A

Semispinalis Group
Multifidus M.
Rotatores Longus M.
Rotatoris Brevis M.

84
Q

Muscles of the Semispinalis group

A

Semispinalis Thoracis M
Semispinalis Cervicus M
Semispinalis Capitus M.

85
Q

Origin of Semispinalis Thoracis M.

A

Transverse Processes T6-12

86
Q

Insertion point of Semispinalis Thoracis M.

A

Spinous Processes C6-T4

87
Q

Action of the Semispinalis Thoracis M.

A

Extend Spine and rotate spine away

88
Q

Innervation of the Semispinalis Thoracis M.

A

Posterior Rami

89
Q

Origin of the Semispinalis Cervicus M.

A

Transverse processes T1-6

90
Q

Insertion point of Semispinalis Cervicus M.

A

Spinous Processes C2-5

91
Q

Action of Semispinalis Cervicus M.

A

Extend Spine and Rotate Spine away

92
Q

Innervation of Semispinalis Cervicus M.

A

Posterior Rami

93
Q

Origin of Semispinalis Capitus M.

A

Transverse processes C7-T6

Articular processes of C4-6

94
Q

Insertion point of Semispinalis Capitus M.

A

B/w Superior and Inferior Nuchal lines of the occipital bone

95
Q

Action of the Semispinalis Capitus M.

A

Extend head, rotate face away

96
Q

Innervation of the Semispinalis Capitus M.

A

Posterior Rami

97
Q

Which transversospinalis muscle extends 5 or more spinal segments?

A

Semispinalis

98
Q

Which transversospinalis muscle extends 3-4 spinal segments?

A

Multifidus M.

99
Q

Which transversospinalis muscle extends 2 spinal segments?

A

Rotatores Longus M.

100
Q

Which transversospinalis muscle extends to the adjacent spinal segment?

A

Rotatores Brevis

101
Q

What is the origin of the Multifidus M.?

A

Mamillary processes of the Lumbar Vertebrae

Transverse Processes of Thoracic Vertebrae and Articular Processes of C4-7

102
Q

Insertion point of Multifidus M.

A

Spinous processes 3 numeric segments superior, except the Atlas

103
Q

Action of the Multifidus M.

A

Extend spine

Rotate spine away

104
Q

Innervation of the Multifidus M.

A

Posterior Rami

105
Q

Origin of Rotatores Longus M.

A

Transverse Processes

106
Q

Insertion of Rotatores Longus M.

A

Spinous Processes 2 segments superior

107
Q

Action of Rotatores Longus M.

A

Extend spine

Rotate spine away

108
Q

Innervation of Rotatores Longus M.

A

Posterior Rami

109
Q

Origin of Rotatores Brevis M.

A

Transverse Processes

110
Q

Insertion point of Rotatores Brevis M.

A

Spinous process 1 spinal segment superior

111
Q

Action of Rotatores Brevis M.

A

Extend spine

Rotate spine away

112
Q

Innervation of Rotatores Brevis M.

A

Posterior Rami

113
Q

Origin of Interspinalis M.

A

Spinous Process

114
Q

Insertion point of Interspinalis M.

A

Adjacent Spinous Process

115
Q

Action of Interspinalis M.

A

Extends the spine

116
Q

Innervation of Interspinalis M.

A

Posterior Rami

117
Q

Origin of Intertransversarii M.

A

Transverse process

118
Q

Insertion point of Intertransversarii M.

A

Adjacent Transverse process

119
Q

Action of Intertransversarii M.

A

Laterally flex the spine

120
Q

Innervation of the Intertransversarii M.

A

Posterior portion is innervated by the Posterior Rami

Anterior portion innervates by the Anterior Rami

121
Q

Origin of Levator Costarum Longus M.

A

Transverse Processes C7-T11

122
Q

Insertion point of Levator Costarum Longus M.

A

2nd Rib inferior to origin

123
Q

Action of Levator Costarum Longus M.

A

Elevate ribs

124
Q

Innervation of Levator costarum Longus M.

A

Posterior Rami

125
Q

Origin of Levator Costarum Brevis M.

A

Transverse Processes C7-T11

126
Q

Insertion point of Levator Costarum Brevis M.

A

Adjacent rib inferior to origin

127
Q

Action of Levator Costarum Brevis M.

A

Elevate ribs

128
Q

Innervation of Levator Costarum Brevis M.

A

Posterior Rami

129
Q

Parts of the suboccipital region

A

Rectus Capitus Posterior Major M
Rectus Capitus Posterior Minor M.
Obliquus Capitus Inferior M.
Obliquus Capitus Superior M.

130
Q

Innervation of the suboccipital region

A

Suboccipital Nerve

131
Q

Which suboccipital regions originate from the Spinous Process of C2?

A

Rectus Capitus Posterior Major M.

Obliquus Capitus Inferior M.

132
Q

Insertion point of the Rectus Capitus Posterior Major M.

A

Lateral portion Inferior Nuchal Line

133
Q

Action of the Rectus Capitus Posterior Major M.

A

Extend head

Rotate face toward

134
Q

Origin of the Rectus Capitus Posterior Minor M.

A

Posterior Tubercle C1

135
Q

Insertion point of Rectus Capitus Posterior Minor M.

A

Below Inferior Nuchal Line

136
Q

Action of the Rectus Capitus Posterior Minor

A

Extend Head

137
Q

Insertion point of the Obliquus Capitus Inferior M.

A

Transverse Process C1

138
Q

Action of the Obliquus Capitus Inferior M.

A

Rotate face toward

139
Q

Origin of the Obliquus Capitus Superior M.

A

Spinous Process C2

140
Q

Insertion point of the Obliquus Capitus Superior M.

A

Between Superior and Inferior Nuchal Lines

141
Q

Action of the Obliquus Capitus Superior M.

A

Extend and Laterally flex head

142
Q

What 3 suboccipital muscles make up the suboccipital triange?

A

Rectus Capitus Posterior Major M.
Obliquus Capitus Inferior M.
Obliquus Capitus Superior M.

Anatomy (6 decks)

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