Back and Neckache Flashcards

1
Q

Where ways can pain occur?

A

local
referred
nerve root pain

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2
Q

How does nerve root pain occur?

A

Compression of an exiting nerve root by an intervertebral disc

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3
Q

What is spondylosis?

A

degeneration of the intervertebral discs causing increased loading of the facet joints which then develop secondary arthritis

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4
Q

What joints are involved in primary osteoarthritis of the spine?

A

facet joints

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5
Q

How is mechanical back pain treated?

A
physiotherapy 
orthopaedic doctors 
osteopaths
chiropractors 
it will get better with time
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6
Q

What is spondylolisthesis?

A

the slippage of one vertebra relative to the one below it - commonly seen in the lumbar spine.
caused by a bony abnormality which interferes with the stability of the facet joints and their bony and ligamentous elements

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7
Q

What is the most common cause of spondylolisthesis?

A

a fatigue fracture of the pars interarticularis

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8
Q

How is a diagnosis of spondylolisthesis made

A

x-ray

slippage step may be felt on examination

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9
Q

How is spondylolisthesis managed?

A

a spinal corset may help relieve pain

surgery to fuse vertebra if extreme pain

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10
Q

What is a pars interarticularis fracture without forward slippage called?

A

spondylolysis

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11
Q

Common symptoms of disc prolapse?

A

backache

legache

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12
Q

how do people present with disc prolapse?

A

may describe a singe event like lifting or straining and then back/leg pain.

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13
Q

What is commonly seen in disc prolapse pain?

A

pain passing down the back of the thigh and leg to the foot. referred back pain doesn’t go as far.

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14
Q

what area of the disc prolapses?

A

the nucleus pulposus burst through the annulus fibrosis

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15
Q

How is disc prolapse managed?

A

most will resolve on their own as disk material is reabsorbed.

if pain persists or signs become more severe then surgery is required.

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16
Q

what is myelography?

A

injecting radio-opaque dye around the spinal cord to locate the site of a prolapse - produces a myelogram

17
Q

What causes bony root entrapment?

A

bony overgrowth around the vertebral foramina where the nerve roots emerge due to facet joint degeneration. Not caused by prolapse!

18
Q

How is bony root entrapment treated?

A

removal of the bony spur causing the compression. Fusion may be required if instability is created.

19
Q

What is cervical spondylosis?

A

Degeneration of the intervertebral discs of the cervical spine causing osteoarthritis