Back anatomy

Question 1

How many vertebrae do we have?

Answer 1

33

Question 2

What are the five areas of the spine called?

Answer 2

Cervical 
Thoracic
Lumbar 
Sacrum
Coccyx

Question 3

How many vertebrae are found in each region of the spine?

Answer 3

Cervical- 7
Thoracic- 12
Lumbar - 5
Sacrum- 5
Coccyx - 4

Question 4

What are the four main regions of a vertebra?

Answer 4

Vertebral body
Vertebral arch
Spinous process
Transverse process

Question 5

What three process can be found on the lamina of a vertebra?

Answer 5

Spinous
Articular
Transverse

Question 6

What are the two notches associated with a vertebra?

Answer 6

Superior vertebral notch

Inferior vertebral notch

Question 7

What are the two foramen associated with a vertebra?

Answer 7

Vertebral foramen

Intervertebral foramen

Question 8

What is another name for C1

Answer 8

Atlas

Question 9

What is another name for C2

Answer 9

Axis

Question 10

How do cervical vertebrae differ from other vertebrae?

Answer 10

They have a bifid spinous process (bar C1 and C7) and Foramen transversarium (transverse foramen) beside the vertebral body.

Question 11

What is special about C1?

Answer 11

It had no vertebral body

Question 12

What is special about C2?

Answer 12

It has an odontoid process/dens projecting into C1

Question 13

How do thoracic vertebrae differ from others?

Answer 13

Nearly vertical spinous processes and large transverse processes with articular surfaces for ribs.

Question 14

How do lumbar vertebrae differ from others?

Answer 14

Axe like spinous processes and larger vertebral body.

Question 15

At what level does the spinal cord become the cauda equina?

Answer 15

L1/2

Question 16

What are the two parts of the intervertebral disk?

Answer 16

Nucleus Pulposus

Anulus Fibrosus

Question 17

What kind of joints are found in the spine?

Answer 17

Secondary cartilaginous

Question 18

What are the two curves found in the spine?

Answer 18

Kyphoidosis- C shaped

Lordosis

Question 19

What holds the vertebrae and intervertebral disks together?

Answer 19

Longitudinal ligaments

Question 20

How many layers of intrinsic back muscles are there?

Answer 20

Three:
Superficial
Intermediate
Deep

Question 21

What two parts make up the vertebral arch?

Answer 21

Pedicle (feet)

Lamina (arch)

Question 22

How many layers of back muscle are there?

Answer 22

3:
Superficial
Intermediate
Intrinsic

Question 23

What do the superficial intrinsic back muscles do?

Answer 23

Rotate head

Question 24

What are the two superficial intrinsic back muscles?

Answer 24

Splenius capitis

Splenius cervicis

Question 25

Where does splenius capitis originate and insert?

Answer 25

C7/T3/4 spinous -> Mastoid process and occipital

Question 26

Where does splenius cervicis originate and insert?

Answer 26

T3-6 spinous -> C1-4 transverse

Question 27

What are the three muscles of the intermediate intrinsic back muscles collectively called?

Answer 27

Erector spinae

Question 28

What do the erector spinae do?

Answer 28

Lateral flexion and extension

Question 29

What three muscles make up the erector spinae?

Answer 29

Iliocostalis Longissimus Spinalis

Question 30

Where do the erector spinae muscles originate?

Answer 30

Tendon sheath attaching to lumbar vertebrae, sacrum, iliac crest.

Question 31

Where does the iliocostal muscle insert?

Answer 31

RIbs and C transverse. Most lateral erector

Question 32

Where does the longissimus insert?

Answer 32

Lower ribs C2-T12 transverse Mastoid process Middle muscle

Question 33

Where does the spinalis insert?

Answer 33

C2+T1-8 spinous Occipital Smallest and most medial

Question 34

What are the deep intrinsic back muscles collectively called?

Answer 34

Transversospinales

Question 35

What three muscles make up the transversospinalis?

Answer 35

Semispinosus Multifidus Rotatores

Question 36

Where does the semispinosus originate from and insert?

Answer 36

C4-T10 transverse -> C2-T4 spinous and occipital.

Question 37

What does the semispinosus do?

Answer 37

Rotates spine

Question 38

What do the multifidus and rotatores do?

Answer 38

Stabilise spine

Question 39

Where does the multifidus originate and insert?

Answer 39

Sacrum, PIS etc -> spinous process of varying vertebrae

Question 40

Where does the rotatores originate and insert?

Answer 40

Transverse process of all vertebrae -> Lamina and spinous process of directly superior vertebrae.