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Question 1

Answer 1

Trendelenburg Test

• gluteus medius weakness
• if opposite drops

Question 2

Answer 2

Beevor’s Sign

• patient performs crunch
• look for umbilicus to move
• segmental involvment of the nerves innervating the recturs abdominis

Question 3

Answer 3

Valsalva Test

-space-occupying lesion (herniate ddisk, tumor, etc)

Question 4

Answer 4

Kernig’s Test

lifting of leg

Brudzinski’s

• stretches dural sheath with neck flexion
• nerve root impingement
• irritation of meninges
• intervertebral disk or bony entrapment

Question 5

SLR test

Answer 5

Straight Leg raise test

-sciatic nerve irritation

pn before 70 - disk involvement

pn before 30 - very reliable that findings are correct

modify: dorsiflex annkle and flex cervical spine - if no pn with this - cause is hamstring tightness not neurological

Question 6

Answer 6

Well (Cross Straight Leg raise)

• SLR produces pain in opposite leg
• space occupying lesion (herniated disk)

Question 7

Answer 7

Slump Test

• shoulder, neck, leg, ankle
• repeat on opposite side
• sciatic pain, impingement of dural lining, spinal cord or nerve roots

Question 8

Answer 8

• patient extends spine and sidebends and rotates to affected side
• examiner gives over pressure

Quadrant Test

compression of intervertebral foramina (radiating pn)

facet joint pathology (local pn)

SI dysfunction (isolated at PSIS)

Question 9

L1-S2 Sensory, Motor, Reflexes

Answer 9

L1-2 - hip flexion

L3 - knee extension

L4 - Dorsiflexion

L5 - Great Toe Extension

S1 - Eversion

S2 - Knee Flexion

Reflexes:

L2-L4: patellar

S1: Achilles

Question 10

Answer 10

Femoral Nerve Stretch

prone with pillow under abdomen

knee is passivley flexed and hip extended

nerve root impingement of L2-L4

Question 11

Answer 11

Tension Sign

90-90 position

-extend knee, palpate at tibial nerve in popliteal space

sciatic nerve irritation

Question 12

Answer 12

Single Leg Stance Test

One leg - extend back

shear force on pars interarticularis

pain should be produced in opposite leg

Question 13

Answer 13

SI compression and Distraction

Distraction - relieve pain

COmpression - reciprocate pain

SI pathology

Question 14

Answer 14

FABER (Patrick’s Test)

flexion abduction external rotation

SI symptoms

Question 15

Answer 15

Gaenslen’s Test

Supint - lies near edege of table - one leg hanging off - the other pulled back

-apply pressure to both legs

SI joint dysfunction

Question 16

Long Sit Test

Answer 16

Patient is supine, hold at malleoli

Patient lifts hips off table - relaxes - moves into long sit position

longer to a shorter - anterior rotation of ilium

shorter to longer - posteior rotation of ilium

Question 17

C1-T1

Answer 17

C1/C2: neck flexion

C3: neck lateral bending

C4: shoulder shrug

C5: Abduction

C6: Elbow flexion

C7: Elbow extension

C8: Oppostion

T1: Finger Abduction

Reflexes

C5: Biceps

C6: Brachioradialis

C7: Triceps

Question 18

Most Lumbar/THoracic spince tests will indicate nerve root impingement. what tests will rule in disk involvement

Answer 18

Valsalva (space occupying lesion)

Milgram (space occuyping lesion)

SLR test (if pn before 70 hip flexion)

well cross SLR test (space occupying lesion)

femoral nerve stretch test (lumbar nerve root)

tension sign (sciatic nerve)