Bacillus, Corynebacterium, Erysipelothrix, Listeria

Question 1

How often should pigs be vaccinated against Erysipelothrix?

Answer 1

Semianually and sows should be vaccinated before farrowing

Question 2

Corynebacterium renale is urease positive. Why is this clinically important?

Answer 2

It can metabolize urea, and often causes ascending UTIs leading to nephritis

Question 3

What are some common disease patterns in pigs caused by members of the genus Bacillus?

Answer 3

Lymphadenitis, edema, hemorrhagic enteritis

Question 4

What are some common disease patterns in small ruminants caused by members of the genus Erysipelothrix?

Answer 4

Polyarthritis, pneumonia

Question 5

What antibiotics are commonly used for Bacillus infections? What is the first choice?

Answer 5

First choice- penicillins

Others- streptomycin, fluroquinolones, cephalosporins, macrolides, tetracycline

Question 6

How are Listeria infections treated and managed?

Answer 6

First choice antibiotic- penicillin

Others- erythromycin, tetracycline

Remove silage with a pH above 5.5

Question 7

What are some common portals of entry for Bacillus?

What is the signifcance of the portal of entry?

Answer 7

Cutaneous (through cuts), inhalation, gastrointestinal tract

Disease pattern and progression depends on the portal of entry

Question 8

What are some common disease patterns in cats and dogs caused by members of the genus Erysipelothrix?

Answer 8

Arthritis, endocarditis

Question 9

How are Erysipelothrix infections treated and managed?

Answer 9

Antibiotics (penicillin first choice), sanitation, vaccination

Question 10

What are some additional disease patterns in ruminants caused by Listeria infections?

Answer 10

Septicemia, encephalitis, keratoconjunctivitis, late-term abortion

Can also cause brainstem lesions and other CNS involvement

Question 11

How are Corynebacterium infections treated and managed?

Answer 11

Drain abcesses, antibiotics (penicillin first choice), and sanitation, especially urine

Question 12

How are members of the genus Bacillus able to persist in the environment for long periods of time?

Answer 12

They form endospores when exposed to air, which are the nucleic acids surrounded by a thick cell wall.

Endospores can cause disease when inhaled or ingested.

Question 13

What are some common disease patterns in horses caused by members of the genus Bacillus?

Answer 13

Colic, diarrhea, edema

Question 14

What are some exotoxins produced by members of the genus Bacillus?

Answer 14

“lethal toxin”- induces vascular permeability and DIC

“Edema toxin”- induces electrolyte imbalances and fluid loss

Question 15

What are some common disease patterns in small ruminants caused by members of the genus Corynebacterium?

Answer 15

Caseous lymphadenitis, necrotizing posthitis

Question 16

What are some common disease patterns in pigs caused by members of the genus Erysipelothrix?

Answer 16

“diamond skin disease”-produces raised lesions on the skin

septicemia, endocarditis

Question 17

What are some common disease patterns in horses caused by members of the genus Corynebacterium?

Answer 17

Ascending ulcertative lymphangitis, pectoral abcesses

Question 18

What are some common disease patterns in birds caused by members of the genus Erysipelothrix?

Answer 18

Septicemia, endocarditis

Question 19

What is a common disease pattern in large ruminants caused by members of the genus Corynebacterium?

Answer 19

Pyelonephritis

Question 20

What are some common disease patterns in small and large ruminants cased by members of the genus Bacillus?

Answer 20

Multiple organ dysfunction, edema, shock

Question 21

Which organism does the Sterne vaccine protect against?

Is it a live or killed vaccine?

Answer 21

Bacillus anthracis

Live attenuated

Question 22

Which body system is often affected by Listeria infections?

Answer 22

GI tract