Babies, Mothers & Music Flashcards
What are some of the ways parents in all societies use music with their children?
Calming, soothing, putting them to sleep, playing, engaging, interacting & teaching
From an evolutionary perspective, what are two key advantages music plays as a survival role?
Its ability to create group identity & social cohesion (group survival); ability to strengthen mother-child bond, to teach the child emotionality & cultural nuances (individual survival)
At 16-20 weeks gestation, a baby has the ability to do what?;
At 25 weeks gestation?;
At 28-40 wks gestation?;
What can a newborn do?
Process sounds;
The brain is influenced by external sensory stimulation;
They can hear, process & remember musical patterns, & associate emotion with music;
Respond to pitch contour (prefer mother’s voice in high frequency) & entrain to mother’s rhythms
Describe some of the qualities of infant-directed speech;
Describe some qualities of infant-directed singing
Raised pitch of voice; rhythmical, short segmented phrases; repetition; slowed tempo; heightened emotionality; used to regulate arousal;
Significantly higher pitch & slower tempo; warmer tonality; exaggerated musical cues; has communicative & regulatory functions
Describe Communicative Musicality
An intimate dialogue between infant & parent, where rhythmic & melodic qualities communicate intention & affect; introduces cultural nuances to the infant, allowing them to maintain a stable cultural identity
According to Barrett, why do Australian families use music?
To foster unity; regulate children’s emotional & behavioural states; encourage language development & self identity
Describe Attachment;
Attachment influences brain development, & can only be established in the context of a relationship that includes what?
Deep & enduring connection; created together; is reciprocal; basic human need; profoundly influences every aspect of a person;
Nurturing touch; eye contact; smile; positive affect; need fulfillment
Describe the framework for musical parenting;
Musical baby; musical parent; musical interactions; parent-infant bonding
According to Edwards, what does music therapy provide for families?
Strong existing base from which to provide therapeutic interventions that promote secure bonding between vulnerable infants & their caregivers
60 mothers were surveyed about how they think about & use their voice with their hospitalized newborn infant in NICU. What was reported?;
Why were there barriers to singing for some mothers?
60% of mothers sang spontaneously in the NICU; strong evidence for association between imagining or thinking of a reason for singing & actually singing; no evidence for association between spontaneous singing & their age, education, parenting experience or musical heritage;
Feeling embarrassed or too obvious in NICU environment
What can children learn in & through music?;
Through what resources do they learn these?
Language, cognition, physical, social, behavioural, emotional & musical qualities;
Immersion, repetition, copying, singing, musical games, engagement, participation
How does modern multi-media impact on early musical learning?;
How have changes to working habits influenced this?
Less social; less interactive (DVDs); toys that entertain & educate with musical accompaniments;
Changes to how childcare is used & viewed in terms of education & development; impacts on family time & interactions; questions of responsibility for the provision of music interaction & education
How are some ways in which to include parents as collaborators in early music education?
Access parent expertise to enrich program; increase confidence; empower use of music at home; meet other families; increase repertoire; own music making experiences; bolster parent-child relationship
Music provides us, as a society, with a tool to…
Empower families; enrich children’s lives & strengthen family ties
