B9 - Respiration Flashcards
What is cellular respiration?
- An exothermic reaction which is continuously occurring in living cells
- Energy is transferred
What do organisms need energy for?
- Chemical reactions to build larger molecules
- movement
- keeping warm
What is the word equation for aerobic respiration?
Glucose + Oxygen —> Carbon Dioxide + Water
What is the word equation for anaerobic respiration in animals?
Glucose –> Lactic Acid
What are the 2 differences between anaerobic and aerobic respiration?
- Aerobic involves oxygen
- Aerobic releases more energy
What is the word equation for anaerobic respiration in plant and yeast cells? (FERMENTATION)
Glucose –> Ethanol + Carbon Dioxide
Why is less energy released through anaerobic respiration compared to aerobic?
The oxidation of glucose is incomplete
Why is anaerobic respiration in yeast cells important?
Can be used to make bread or alcoholic drinks
What 3 things happen to the body during exercise?
- Heart rate increases
- Breathing rate increase
- Breathing volume increases
All to supply muscles with oxygenated blood
Explain how the change in ____ during exercise helps an athlethe
- Increase in ____ means the heart pumps more blood around the body
- There is an increased supply of oxygen to the muscle cells so there is more energy available
What happens during exercise if there is insufficient oxygen?
- Anaerobic respiration takes place in muscles
- Leads to a build up of latic acid and creates oxygen debt
- During long periods of activity mucles become fatigued and stop contracting efficiently
What happens to the lactic acid?
- Blood flowing transports lactic acid to the liver where it is converted back into glucose
What is oxygen debt?
- Amount of extra oxygen the body needs after exercise to react with lactic acid and remove it from cells
How can you measure breathing rate?
How many times chest rises and falls in given amount of time
How can you measure heart rate?
Measure pulse - artery in wrist/neck
What is metabolism?
The sum of all the reactions in a cell or the body
What is glucose converted to in humans?
Glycogen - storage form of glucose
What reacts together to form lipids?
1 fatty acid molecule with 3 molecules of glycerol
What reacts together to form amino acids which then synthesises proteins?
Glucose and nitrate ions form amino acids
What are excess protein molecules broken down into?
Urea which is excreted by the kidneys
What are 5 examples of metabollic reactions?
- Conversion of glucose to starch, glycogen and cellulose
- Formation of lipid molecules
- Formation of proteins
- Respiration
- Breakdown of proteins into urea for excretion
