B5 - Communicable disease Flashcards
1
Q
What is a communicable diease?
A
- A disease caused by a pathogen spread from one person to another
2
Q
What is a non communicable disease?
A
- A disease that cannot be passed from one person to another
3
Q
What is a pathogen?
A
- Microorganism that causes infectious disease
- e.g bacteria, virus, fungi
4
Q
How can pathogens be spread?
A
- Direct contact
- Water
- Air
5
Q
How can we prevent the spread of communicable diseases?
A
- Washing hands
- Disinfectants
- Isolating infected epople
- Destroying vectors
- Vaccinations
6
Q
How do bacteria cause disease?
A
- By producing poisons(toxins) that damage tissue and make us feel ill
7
Q
How do viruses cause disease?
A
- Viruses live and reproduce inside living cells - causing the cell to burst
- Cannot be killed by antibiotics
8
Q
How do protists cause disease?
A
- Disease transported via a vector (e.g malaria by mosquitoes)
- Take over cells
- Feed on cell contents
- Divide before breaking out of cell
9
Q
What is measles?
A
- Viral disease
- Causes fever and red skin rash
- Can be fatal
- Spreads by droplets in cough and sneezes
10
Q
What is HIV?
A
- Viral disease
- First = flu like symptoms
- Affects immune system severely
- Spread by sexual contact or exchange of bodily fluids
11
Q
What is AIDS?
A
- Last stage of HIV
- When body’s immune system so damaged it can’t deal with infections or cancers
12
Q
What is tobacco mosaic virus?
A
- Plant pathogen affecting many plants
- Gives a ‘mosaic’ pattern of discolouration on leaves
- Affects plant growth due to lack of photosynthesis
13
Q
What is salmonella?
A
- Bacterial disease
- Spread in food
- Causes food poisoning
- Fever, cramps, vomiting and diarrhoea
14
Q
What is gonorrhea?
A
- Sexually transmitted bacterial disease
- Cause a thick yellow discharge
- Pain when urinating
- Spread by sexual contact
15
Q
How can gonorrhea be controlled? (2)
A
- Treatment with antibiotics
- Barrier method of contraception
16
Q
What is rose black spot?
A
- Fungal disease
- Causes purple/black spots on leaves
- Spread by wind and water
17
Q
How can rose black spot be treated? (2)
A
- Using fungicides
- Removing/destroying affected leaves
18
Q
A
19
Q
What are the pathogens called that cause malaria?
A
Protists
20
Q
What is malaria?
A
- Protist disease(mosquitoes)
- Causes recurrent episodes of fever and can be fatal
21
Q
How can spread of malaria be controlled?
A
- Preventing vectors, mosquitos from breeding
- Using mosquito nets to avoid being bitten
22
Q
How does the skin protect the body from pathogens? (2)
A
- Acts as a barrier
- Makes antimicrobal secretions
23
Q
How does the nose defend the body from pathogens?
A
- Hairs and mucus that trap pathogens
24
Q
How does the trachea and bronchi defend the body from pathogens? (2)
A
- Cilia that waft the mucus to the back of the throat to be swallowed
- Secrete mucus that traps pathogens
25
How does the stomach protect the body from pathogens?
Hydrochloric acid kills the pathogens
26
What is the function of white blood cells, give 3 ways?
Defend the body by:
- phagocytosis - phagocytes
- antibody production - lymphocytes
- antitoxin production - lymphocytes
27
What is phagocytosis?
1. Phagocytes are attracted to areas of infection
2. Phagocyte surrounds and engulfs pathogen
3. Enzymes which digest and destroy the pathogen are released
28
How are antibodies produced by lymphocytes? (2)
- Antibodies that target and help to destroy specific pathogens
- Binding to antigens (proteins) on the pathogens’ surfaces
29
How are antitoxins produced by lymphocytes?
- Antitoxins that bind to the toxins produced by some pathogens(usually bacteria)
- This neutralises the toxins
