B7 - Non communicable disease Flashcards
What is a non communicable disease?
- Non-infectious disease that can’t be caught from another person
What are risks factors?
Something that can be linked to an increased rate of disease
What is a casual mechanism?
Something that explains how one factor influences another
What are the 3 risk factors of cardiovascular disease?
- Poor diet
- Smoking
- Lack of exercise
What is the risks factor of lung cancer?
- Smoking
What are the risks factors of type 2 diabetes?
Obesity
What 2 risks factors can affect an unborn baby?
- Smoking
- Alcohol
What is meant by obesity?
- Being overweight with a BMI over 25
What 4 diseases/conditions are linked to obesity?
- Arthritis
- Diabetes
- High blood pressure
- Strokes
What are the risk factors of cancer?
- Carcinogens
- Ionising radiation
What is cancer?
- Caused by a change in cells that leads to uncontrolled growth and division
What are benign tumours?
- Growths of abnormal cells contained in one area by a membrane
- Do not invade other parts of the body
What are malignant tumours?
- Growths of abnormal cells which invade other tissues and spread to other parts of the body in the blood
- Spread and form secondary tumours
How does cancer travel around the body?
Cells break off and travel in the blood
What is the difference between a benign and malignant tumour?
- Benign tumours do not invade neighbouring tissues or spread, malignant do
Why can smoking increase the risk of heart disease? (3)
- Raises blood pressure
- Increases cholesterol
- Thickening of artery walls
Why can smoking increase the risk of lung cancer?
- Chemicals in smoke cause mutations
Why can smoking increase the risk of emphysema?
- Smoking damages the alveoli
- Causes surface area to decrease - shortness of breath
Why can smoking increase the risk of lung infections?
- Chemicals in smoke damage cilia - mucus production increases
- Shortness of breath + risk of infection
