B9 - Respiration Flashcards
What happens during aerobic respiration
glucose reacts with oxygen to get energy for cells
What type of reaction is aerobic respiration
exothermic
What is the equation for aerobic respiration (word )
glucose + oxygen -> carbon dioxide + water (+ energy)
What is the symbol equation for aerobic respiration
C6H12O6 + 6O2 -> 6CO2 + 6H2O (+ energy)
Where does anaerobic respiration happen
cytoplasm
Where does aerobic respiration happen
mitochondria
How are the mitochondria adapted for respiration
folded membrane with large surface area for diffusion, has enzymes for aerobic respiration
Why is respiration needed
for energy to build things, muscle contraction, homeostasis, active transport
How is glucose stored in the muscles
as glycogen
What happens when you exercise (respiration)
more oxygen and glucose needed for more energy
- heart rate increases
- arteries dilate, increasing blood flow to muscles
- breathing rate increases
- glycogen turns back into glucose
-
How does
- volume of heart
- volume of blood pumped each beat
- resting breathing rate
- resting pulse rate
differ between a fit and unfit person
(for unfit person)
- volume is smaller
- pulse rate is higher
- breathing rate is higher
- less blood is pumped per beat
When does anaerobic respiration happen
when there is not enough oxygen for aerobic respiration
What is the word equation for anaerobic respiration
glucose -> lactic acid (+ energy)
What is the symbol equation for anaerobic respiration
C6H12O6 -> 2C3H6O3 (+ energy)
What happens when lactic acid builds up in the muscles
- oxygen debt
- muscle fatigue
Why do you continue to breath heavily after stopping exercise
to repay oxygen debt
Where does lactic acid become glucose again
in the liver
How does change in breathing rate differ amongst a fit and unfit person during exercise
unfit will increase more quickly
- after exercise stops, unfit will take longer to return to normal
What is the anaerobic respiration of yeast called
- what is it used for
fermentation
- bread and alcoholic drinks
What is theword equation for respiration in plants and yeast
glucose -> ethanol + carbon dioxide (+ energy)
What is the metabolism of an organism
the sum of all the reactions that take place in a cell or body
What are some common metabolic reactions
glucose -> starch, cellulose and glycogen
forming lipids
forming amino acids
respiration
photosynthesis
breakdown of proteins to make urea
What are four common functions of the liver
detoxifying poisons e.g. ethanol in alcohol
- passing breakdown products into blood so it can be excreted as urine
- breaking down old blood cells and storing iron to synthesise new ones
- removing lactic acid
What are the three main blood vessels in the liver and what are their functions
hepatic vein - blood from liver to heart
hepatic artery - oxygenated blood to the liver
hepatic portal vein - blood with digested food from intestines to liver
