B8 - Photosynthesis Flashcards

(27 cards)

1
Q

how do plants make their food

A

by photosynthesis

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2
Q

how do plants absorb light energy

A

through chlorophyll in chloroplasts

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3
Q

What type of reaction is photosynthesis

A

endothermic

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4
Q

What is the word equation for photosynthesis

A

water + carbon dioxide (+ light) -> glucose + oxygen

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5
Q

What is the symbol equation for photosynthesis

A

6H2O + 6CO2 (+ light) -> 6O2 + C6 H12 O6

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6
Q

How is the glucose produced in photosynthesis used

A

some is used by plants for respiration, some is converted into insoluble starch and stored, some is converted to cellulose for strength

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7
Q

how can you show that a plant is photosynthesising

A

by seeing the oxygen gas given off, which relights a glowing splint

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8
Q

how are leaves adapted for photosynthesis (6)

A
  • broad, giving a large surface area
  • thin so short diffusion distances
  • contain chlorophyll that absorbs light
  • veins bring plenty of water through the xylem
  • air spaces allow carbon dioxide and oxygen to diffuse
  • guard cells open and close stomata to regulate gas exchange
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9
Q

how do algae get resources to photosynthsise

A

absorb carbon dioxide dissolved in the water, and produce oxygen that gets dissolved in the water

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10
Q

What are 4 factors that limit the amount of photosynthesis a plant can do

A
  • light
  • temperature
  • carbon dioxide concentration
  • chlorophyll levels
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11
Q

how does light intensity affect photosynthesis

A

the more light received, the more photosynthesis

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12
Q

how does temperature affect photosynthesis

A

the higher the temperature, the faster the rate of photosynthesis, until the enzymes denature

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13
Q

how does carbon dioxide concentration affect photosynthesis
- how does this fluctuate throughout the day

A

the higher the concentration of CO2, the higher the rate of photosynthesis

  • tends to be more in the night / early day when it is released by respiration, and before it is taken in for photosynthesis
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14
Q

Why are greenhouses good for photosynthesis

A

increase light intensity, CO2 concentration and temperature which allows for more photosynthesis

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15
Q

why are some plants not able to produce enough chloroplasts

A

not enough mineral ions

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16
Q

what is the inverse square law for light intensity

A

light intensity = 1 / distance^2

17
Q

why is glucose stored as starch in plant cells

A

it is insoluble in water so it does not affect the balance of water inside and outside the cell

18
Q

where is starch stored in plants

A
  • in the cells of leaves as an energy store
  • in special storage areas for winter
19
Q

how can starch be tested for in leaves

A

boil leaf in ethanol to remove waxy cuticles and colour
- rinse in hot water to soften
- add iodine solution to test for starch (blue-black)

20
Q

how do plants make amino acids using photosynthesis

A

combining glucose with nitrate ions

21
Q

why are bogs hard places for plants to live

A

few mineral ions

22
Q

why are carnivorous plants adapted to live in mineral poor soil

A

they digest insects that contain most of the nutrients they need

23
Q

Why are lipids produced by plants
- how

A

used as energy or to strengthen cell walls
- combining glucose from photosynthesis and energy from respiration

24
Q

why are greenhouses used

A

can control and increase the temperature, CO2 concentration and light intensity allowing crops to be grown quicker

25
what is hydroponics
not using soil for plants, but instead giving water with a perfect balance of nutrients
26
what are the benefits of growing crops in labs (4)
- complete control of external factors - completely done by computer systems - fast turnover so high profits -no need to plough or prepare land
27
what are the drawbacks of growing crops in labs (2)
- very expensive - must be carefully monitored