B9 Flashcards
what is aerobic respiration?
-when glucose and oxygen reacts to form carbon dioxide and water
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is aerobic respiration endothermic or exothermic reaction?
exothermic reaction because it is transferring energy to the environment
what are some adaptations of mitochondria?
-folded in a membrane to provide a big surface area for the enzymes involved in aerobic
why do muscle cells need more mitochondria than fat cells?
they are more active
what do muscles do as a response to exercise?
-muscle store glucose as the carbohydrate glycogen
-this is then converted rapidly back into glucose when needed during exercise
-Great cars provide the energy needed for the muscles to contract
-because the muscles are aerobically respiring they produce CO2 and as a result this needs to be removed
what happens when you exercise?
-Your heart rate increases and the arteries dilate
-you’re breathing rate increases
-glycogen is converted back into glucose
why does your heart rate increase and arteries dilate when you exercise?
-these increase the flow of oxygenated blood to the exercising muscles.
-this increases the rate of supply of oxygen and glucose
-it also increases the rate that carbon dioxide is removed from the muscles
why does breathing rate increase when you exercise?
-each breath becomes deeper, bringing more air into the lungs with every breath
-this causes more oxygen to be brought into the body and picked up by the red blood cells
-oxygen is any carry to the exercising muscles
-carbon dioxide can be removed quicker from the blood in the lungs and breathe out
what is the equation for aerobic respiration?
glucose+ oxygen—-> carbon dioxide+ water
what is the equation for anaerobic respiration
glucose—->lactic acid
why is anaerobic respiration not as efficient as aerobic respiration?
-because the glucose is not fully broken down which means far less energy is transferred
what is oxygen debt?
-The amount of oxygen needed to convert lactic acid back to glucose
why do we get put in oxygen debt?
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because lactic acid cannot be easily removed from the body. It needs to be converted back to glucose in the liver.
what is the equation for oxygen debt repayment?
lactic acid + oxygen—-> carbon dioxide+ water
what is the equation for anaerobic respiration in other organisms?
glucose—-> ethanol+ carbon dioxide
what are some of the most common metabolic reactions?
-The conversion of glucose to starch, glycogen, and cellulose
-The formation of lipid molecules
-The use of glucose and nitrate ions to form amino acids to make proteins
-The reactions of respiration
-reaction to photosynthesis
what are some of the main roles of the liver?
-detoxifying substances like alcohol
-passing the breakdown products into the blood to be excreted
-Breaking down old worn out blood cells and storing them as Iron
-removing lactic acid
how does liver remove lactic acid?
-blood flowing through the muscles transport the lactic acid to the liver
-here it is converted back to glucose
-The oxygen debt is repaid once the glucose has been fully broken down back into carbon dioxide and water
what are the main veins of the liver?
-hepatic vein
-hepatic artery
-hepatic portal vein
what does the hepatic vein do?
-carries blood from the liver onto the heart with levels of food adjusted
what does the hepatic artery do?
-brings oxygenated blood to the liver
what does the hepatic portal vein do?
-carries blood containing digested food from the intestines to the liver
what is metabolism?
-The sum of all the reactions in the body
