B4 Flashcards
what is carried in the plasma?
-carbon dioxide
-urea from liver
-small soluble products of digestion
what are red blood cell?
-pick up oxygen from the air in your lungs and carried to the cells where is needed
what are adaptations of the red blood cell?
-being concaved on both sides= increase surface area to volume ratio for diffusion
-The cytoplasm is packed with red pigment called haemoglobin that binds to oxygen
-they have no nucleus which makes more space for haemoglobin
how are white blood cells different to red blood cells?
-bigger
-less of them
-have a nucleus
-part of immune system
what adaptations of the white blood cell?
-flexible=in and out of blood vessels when needed
-Lymphocyts= form antibodies against microorganisms
-some form antitoxins
-phagocytes engulf and digest invading bacteria and viruses
how to platelets form a scalp
-no nucleus
-A series of enzyme controlled reactions that produce a network of protein fibres
-these fibres then trap lots of red blood cells and platelets to form a jellylike clot
arteries
-Carry blood away from heart
-they carry oxygenated blood
-thick walls to deal with high blood pressure
-thick layer of elastic fibres and as the blood passes through the pulse because they stretch
Veins
-Carry blood away from organs and towards the heart
-Low oxygen
-no pulse
-thinner walls because there’s less pressure
-have valves to stop blood from flowing backwards
-bloody squeeze back towards heart by skeletal muscles
capillaries
-they form networks of tiny vessels linking veins and arteries
-narrow tubes
-fairy thin walls which enables diffusion of oxygen and glucose as well as carbon dioxide into them
what are advantages of mechanical valves?
-made of metal titanium and different polymers, which means I’d last a long time
what are disadvantages of mechanical valves?
-patient has to take medicine for rest of the life to present blood from clotting
what are advantages of biological valves?
-patient does not need any medication and work very well
Who are disadvantages of biological valves ?
-Taken from animals such as pigs or cattle so only last about 12 to 15 years
How was your heart rate controlled?
-A group of cells found in the right atrium of the heart the act as your natural pacemakers
what happens if the natural pacemaker stopped working properly?
-of the heart is too slow so not enough oxygen to the person
-if the heart is too fast, it cannot pump blood properly
why do people need artificial hearts?
-so they don’t die from the waiting time of getting a heart transplant
-to give the disease organ a rest
what is an artificial pacemaker?
-electrical devices used to correct a regularities in the heart rhythm
what happens when you breathe in?
-ribs move up and out
-diaphragm contracts and flattens
-chest volume increases so pressure decreases
-Air moves into the lungs
what happens when you breathe out?
-ribs move down and in
-diaphragm relaxers and domes up
-chest volume decreases so pressure increases
-is forced out of your lungs
why is the lungs made up of clusters of avioli ?
-increase surface area
-important for achieving the most effective diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide
what are the different plant tissues
-epidermal
-spongy +palaside mesophyll
-meristem
-xylem
-phloem
what does the epidermal tissue do?
-secrete or waxy substance to waterproof surface of the leaf
what does the paliside mesophyll tissue do?
-tightly packed with cells near the surface of the leaf with many chloroplast to capture maximum light for photosynthesis
what does the spongy mesophyll tissue do?
-Big air spaces and large surface area to make the diffusion of gases easier
