Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

RDS Test 1 > B8.019 Maternal and Fetal Health > Flashcards

B8.019 Maternal and Fetal Health Flashcards

1
Q

typical pattern of prenatal care

A

every 4 weeks during 1st and 2nd trimester
every 2 weeks in 3rd trimester
weekly in last month

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

initiation of care in prgenancy

A

preferably no later than 10 wks GA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

screening for underlying health issues at initiation of care

A 
documentation of weight and BP
screen for domestic violence/sexual abuse
review of medications
review of obstetrical history, PMH
family/genetic history
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

establishing gestational age

A

first day of LMP, compared to early US looking at crown rump length
US very good at establishing due date in 1st trimester bc we all grow at the same speed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

initial patient counseling

A 
tobacco, alcohol, drug abuse
weight gain recs
exercise recs
dietary restrictions
travel precautions
encourage breastfeeding
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

initial diagnostic studies

A 
blood and Rh typing
Ab screen
hep B surface Ag
rubella
HIV
RPR
chlamydia and gonorrhea
CBC (anemia and WBCs)
A1C if at risk for DM
urine analysis and culture
cervical cancer screening if needed
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Rhesus D alloimmunization

A

Rh neg women are given anti-D immune globulin with and bleeding during pregnancy and routinely around 28 weeks and again postpartum if the baby is Rh pos

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

why is Rhesus D alloimmunization important?

A

Rh neg women who have a fetus that is Rh positive are at risk for developing anti-D Abs
in subsequent pregnancies, when fetus is Rh positive, those Abs attack and can cause hemolytic disease of the newborn

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

who should be offered aneuploidy screening?

A

all women who seek prenatal care before 20 wks GA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

when is nuchal translucency performed

A

11-13 wks GA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

other components of first trimester screening

A

B-HCG and PAPP-A

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

second trimester screening

A 
ideally between 15-18 wks GA
quad screen
-AFP
-inhibin A
-unconjugated estriol
-B-HCG
best available screen for Down syndrome
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

who does cffDNA screening have the most value for?

A

higher risk populations

for low risk populations, conventional screening is preferred

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

carrier screening

A

CF and SMA
ethnic specific
fragile X

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

how is zika acquired?

A

mosquito bite

can live in sperm and be transmitted sexually

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

zika complications

A

microcephaly
fetal brain malformations
fetal growth restriction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

zika areas

A

central and south america
africa
india and pakistan

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

travel restrictions with zika

A

dont travel is pregnant or hoping to become pregnant
wait 8 wks to conceive if recent travel occured
if partner traveled, wait 6 months before conception

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

additional calories during pregnancy

A 
340-450 extra cals per day
1.1 g/kg/day protein
175 g/day carbs
min 28 g/day fiber
2.5 L/day water
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

supplements in pregnancy

A 
folic acid: 0.4-0.8 mg
iron: 30 mg
calcium: 1000 mg/day
iodine: 150 mcg
vit D: 200-600 IUs
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

women at risk of micronutrient deficiency in pregnancy

A 
multiples
heavy smokers
adolescents
vegans
substance abusers
history of bariatric surgery
GI disease
women w lactase deficiency
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

is listeria scary?

A

not if something is pasteurized

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

caffeine intake

A

limit to 200 mg daily

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

weight gain BMI <18.5

A

28-40

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

weight gain BMI 18.5-24.9

A

25-35

26
Q

weight gain BMI 25-29.9

A

15-25

27
Q

weight gain BMI >30

A

11-20

28
Q

recommended exercises in pregnancy

A

3 hrs per week

can do most stuff fine

29
Q

activities to avoid in pregnancy

A 
contact sports
activities with a high risk of falling
scuba diving
sky diving
hot yoga/pilates
avoid sustained HR > 160
30
Q

benefits of exercise in pregnancy

A

shorter labor times
improved glycemic control
reduced risk of GDM

31
Q

what meds can/can’t you take in pregnancy

A

for pain: APAP, avoid NSAIDs
for constipation: docusate, senna, milk of magnesia
for cough: guafenasin
for heartburn: tums, famotidine, ranitidine
sleep: benadryl

32
Q

what to evaluate regularly at subsequent prenatal visits

A

FHR
fundal height
BP
check urine for protein and glucose

33
Q

anatomic US

A

20 wks

34
Q

AFP testing

A

15-21 weeks

screening for neural tube

35
Q

28 week testing

A

GDM screen
CBC
Ab screen, Rhogam if needed
RPR

36
Q

36 week testing

A

GBS rectovaginal swab

assessment of fetal position

37
Q

immunizations in pregnancy

A

avoid live vaccines (MMR)
flue during each flu season
Tdap between 27-36 wks

38
Q

immediate postpartum adaptations

A

within first 10 min after delivery, CO and SV increase and remain increased until about 2 weeks postpartum

39
Q

post delivery hemostasis

A

uterine involution: contraction of the interlacing myometrial muscle bundles
-constricts the intramyometrial vessels and impedes blood flow
main mechanism preventing hemorrhage
secondary mechanism: large vessels at the placental site thrombose

40
Q

fundal assessment post delivery

A

fundus should be at the umbilicus 24 hours after delivery

decreases from 1000g immediately postpartum > 60g at 6-8 weeks

41
Q

postpartum hormones

A

HCG levels return to zero within 2-4 weeks after the delivery
FSH, LH, P, and E are low 2-3 weeks after delivery

42
Q

return to menstruation

A

average = 45-64 days

70% by 12 weeks

43
Q

breast feeding disruption of ovulation

A

prolactin induced inhibition of pulsatile GRH release from the hypothalamus

44
Q

objectives of postpartum recovery

A

discuss concerns expressed after delivery
describe physiological changes in postpartum period
explain benefits of breast feeding
discuss sexual health in postpartum period
emphasize importance of monitoring for preeclampsia in postpartum period

45
Q

fourth trimester

A

views mother and infant as a mutually dependent unit which requires intense caregiving
demands difficult w pressure to return to work

46
Q

maternal leave in US

A

12 weeks unpaid

23% return within 10 days

47
Q

initial postpartum assessment

A

3 weeks

comprehensive after 12 weeks

48
Q

postpartum hair and skin problems

A

striae and skin laxity persist
rectus diastasis can cause discomfort and cosmetic concerns
hair loss noted 1-5 months after delivery

49
Q

prolactin

A

maintains lactation, decreases ovulation

50
Q

oxytocin

A

assists in milk let down

causes uterine contractions

51
Q

initiation of milk production

A

early in 2nd trimester

  • can be expresses as early as 16 wks
  • placental progesterone production inhibits milk production
52
Q

activation of milk production

A

once placenta is delivered, negative feedback is removed and copious amounts of milk begin to be produced
avg time for this to occur = 2-3 days, but can take up to 7 or longer

53
Q

properties of breast milk

A

ideal nutrition for infants
contain maternal Igs, mostly IgA, which confers passive immunity to infants
DO GIVE VIT D
contains minerals

54
Q

how to regulate milk production

A

regular breast emptying

55
Q

milk build up and distention

A

alveolar and mammary duct compression
disrupts connections between cells and their attachment to the BM, disrupting the synthesis and secretion of milk components
involution occurs when intervals of feeding/breast emptying are prolonged

56
Q

benefits of breastfeeding for newborn

A

bacteriostatic and immune modulating properties
anti-inflammatory
growth promotion of crypt cells in infant’s gut or other cells in the body
aid in digestion
reported reductions in infant mortality

57
Q

maternal benefits of breast feeding

A 
reduction in stress
lower rates of neglect and child abuse
enhanced weight loss
longer period of anovulation
reduction in DM2
reduced long term risks for breast and ovarian cancer
decreased risk for cardio disease
58
Q

when to return to activities?

A

when comfortable

avoid pain and excessive fatigue

59
Q

postpartum weight loss

A

mean postpartum weight retention is 11.8 lbs
50% of gestational weight gain is lost in the first 6 weeks after delivery
slower rate of loss through first 6 months

60
Q

things to address at postpartum visit

A 
health of infant
patients mood
contraception plan
return to sexual activity
breastfeeding difficulties
review of complications that occurred during pregnancy or postpartum
61
Q

optimal inter-pregnancy interval

A

18-59 months

RDS Test 1 (22 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions