B7.3 TRANSPORT Flashcards
The blood vessels that carry blood to kidneys.
Renal arteries.
The blood vessels that carries blood from the heart toward the body.
Aorta
The blood vessels that carry blood from the lungs back toward the heart.
Pulmonary veins
Describe the differences in structure of arteries, capillaries and veins.
Arteries are large vessels with thick, elastic muscular wall.
Capillaries are tiny blood vessels with very thin walls that often only one cell thick.
Veins are large vessels with a large lumen and valves to prevent backflow of blood.
show the components of blood and the roles that they play in the body.
Blood component Function
Plasma Carries dissolved substances,
such as carbon dioxide, glucose,
urea and hormones
Also transfers heat energy
from warmer to cooler parts of body.
Red blood cell Carries oxygen
White blood cell Protects against infection
Platelet Causes blood clots to form
when a blood vessel is
damaged.
explain how the structure of a red blood cell is adapted to its function.
The biconcave disc shape increases surface area to volume ratio, so the rate of diffusion of oxygen into and out of a cell is maximized.
Hemoglobin inside the cells binds with the oxygen when the oxygen concentration is high and releases oxygen when the oxygen concentration is low.
The cell has no nucleus, so there is as much room as possible for hemoglobin.
The cell has a flexible shape so can squeeze through the smallest capillaries and reach all tissues.
Explain how the structure of arteries helps to reduce and even out the blood pulses from the heart.
The walls stretch as blood enters then slowly relax as the blood flows through, balancing out the pressure so that the change in pressure is reduced.
