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biology > B7 animal and coordination and control > Flashcards

B7 animal and coordination and control Flashcards

1
Q

what is endocrine system

A

series of glands and organs that sectrets hormones into blood

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2
Q

where does hormone travel to

A

target organ

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3
Q

how does a hormone travel

A

through blood

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4
Q

whats a advantage of this

A

long lasting effects

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5
Q

whats a disadvantage of this

A

takes longer to work

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6
Q

whats the master gland

A

pituitary gland

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7
Q

whats a hormone

A

chemical substance produced by a gland

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8
Q

whats the place in the brain called that stimulate the release of hormones in the pituitary gland

A

hypothalamus

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9
Q

adrenal gland?

A

adrenaline
-fight or flight
-tense muscles
-stronger
-faster
-sweating
-increased heart rate

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10
Q

ovaries

A

oestrogen and progesterone
-puberty

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11
Q

testes

A

testosterone
-puberty

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12
Q

pancreas

A

insulin,glucagon
-regulate blood sugar

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13
Q

thyroid

A

thyroxine
-helps with metabolism

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14
Q

differences between nervous system and hormones
-types of signal

A

nervous-electrical
hormonal-chemical

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15
Q

differences
-transmission of signal

A

nervous-neurons
hormonal-blood stream

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16
Q

differences
-effectors

A

nervous-muscles
hormonal-target organs

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17
Q

types of responces
differences

A

chemical-muscle contraction eg flinch
hormonal-chemical change

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18
Q

speed of responce
-differences

A

nervous-fast
hormonal-slower

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19
Q

duration of responce

A

nervous-short
hormonal-longer

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20
Q

what is homeostasis

A

maintenance of a constant internal environment in the body
-nervous+hormone system controls this
-condition controlled so body can function

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21
Q

what detects the change in environment

A

receptors

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22
Q

where are the coordination centres

A

brain
spinal cord
pancreas

23
Q

what do effectors do

A

create a responce
-glands often release a hormone which will restore to optimum condition again

24
Q

to much glucose

A

1.to much glucose detected so pancreas realises insulin
2.glucose moves from blood into liver and muscle cells
3.blood glucose reduced
4.insulin released making glucose turn into glycogen

25
glucose to low
1.pancreas detects to low glucose 2.pancreas realised glucagon into blood 3.glucose realised into blood by liver and blood glucose increases 4.glucagon converts glycogen back into glucose and goes back to blood
26
what hormones do pituitary gland give out
FSH LH ADH TSH
27
what ones are used in the menstrul cycle
FSH and LH oestrogen and progesterone
28
ADH
-targets kidneys -controlls water content in blood -increases reabsorption of water by collecting ducts
29
FSH
-follicle stimulating hormone -grows follics in menstrul cycle
30
LH
-lutinizing hormone -causes ovulation
31
TSH
-thyroid stimulating hormone -tells ur thyroid how much thyroid hormone it needs to make
32
menstrual cycle steps
1.FSH released to help follicle grow 2.follicle releases oestrogen 3.oestrogen inhibits FSH and causes uterus lining to he repaired 4.LH released causes ovulation(when egg released) 5.follice turns into corptus luetuem/yellow body 6.yellow body releases progesterone and inhibits LH and maintains the uterus lining
33
homeostatic
maintance of constant internal conditions in an organism
34
negative feedback
system that responds when comditions change from ideal condition and returns it back to normal
35
examples of homeostatis
osmoregulation-regulating water content thermoregulation-regulating body temperature blood glucose regulation
36
type 1 diabetes
-pancreas produces lil to no insulin -treated with insulin therapy(injecting insulin) -limit eating foods with simple carbohydrates ie sugars -regular exercise
37
Type 2 diabetes
-pancreas doesnt produce enough insulin or person becomes resistant to insulin -increased risk of getting it when obese(bmi over 30) -controlled by eating healthy diet,regular exercise,insulin injections
38
what degrees does enzymes in the human body work best ast
37 degrees
39
what happens when your to hot
-erector muscles relax(hairs lie flat) -lots of sweat->sweat released from pores in epidermis when sweat evaporates it transfers energy from your skin to environment which cools you down -blood vessels close to surface of skin dilate
40
what’s vasodilation
blood vessels dilating which allows more blood to flow near surface so it can transfer more energy into surroundings which cools you down
41
what happens when your to cold
-erector muscles contracts(hairs stand up) -little sweat -blood vessels constrict -shiver increasing the rate of respiration which transfers more energy warm the body
42
what is vasoconstriction
blood vessels constricting meaning less blood flows near the surface so less energy tranfered to surroundings which cools
43
clomifene therapy
women that cant ovulate take clomifene.a drug that causes more fsh and lh to be released by body.which stimulates egg maturation and ovulation.knowing women is ovulating couple can have sex at this time
44
IVF
fertilising eggs with sperm in lab they grow into embryos. transfer them into women’s uterus.FSH and LH are given to women.
45
contraceptives
-oestregen can prevent release of an egg -progesterone reduced -condoms -pills with oestrogen
46
condom pro n con
pro-cheap,easy access cons-can break,sell by date
47
pro n cons IUD
pro-last long,effective cons-uncomfortable to get fitted,have to get replaced
48
contreceptive pill pros n cons
pro-effective,straight forward to take cons-has to be right for your body,side effects
49
kidneys
help regulate water content
50
kidneys 3 main roles
-removal of urea from blood -adjustment of ion levels in the blood -adjustment of water content of the blood -they do this by filtering stuff out of blood under high pressure and then reabsorbing the good things.end product is urine
51
what are nephrons
filtration units in kidneys
52
what happens in each nephron
-liquid part of blood forced out of glomerlus and into bowman’s capsule at high pressure(ultrafiltration) -bigger molecules and blood cells cant pass through membranes so there not forced thru -as liquid flows along nephron useful substances reabsorbed -all glucose reabsorbed and moved back into blood -sufficient ions reabsorbed -sufficient water reabsorbed -whatever isnt reabsorbed goes our nephron via collecting duct -passes into ureter -down bladded as urine -urine released through uretha
53
water gain
-brain detects water gain -pituitary gland realeses less adh -less adh means kidney reabsorbs less water -hydtrated
54
water loss
-brain detects water loss -pituiatry gland releases more adh -adh makes kidney reabsorb more water -hydrated

biology (7 decks)

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