Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

biology > B2 > Flashcards

B2 Flashcards

1
Q

interphase

A

Dna copied so one for each cell and turn into x shape chromosomes
each arm is duplicate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

prophase

A

chromosome condenses
membrane breaks down + chromosomes free in cytoplasm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

metaphase

A

chromosome line up in centre

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

anaphase

A

springle fibres pull chromosomes apart
chromatids pulled opp ends

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

telaphase

A

membranes form around wach set of chromosomes
becomes nuclei of 2 new cells
nuclues=divided

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

how many daughter cells for mitosis

A

2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

daughter cells

A

genetically identical to parent cell
genetically identical diploid cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

cell differentiation

A

cells change to become specalised for its job.
helps multicellular organisms work more efficiently

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

cell elongation

A

plant cell expan
making cell bigger
plant grow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

growth in animals happen by

A

cell division

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

cell division n age in animals

A

young-fast rate
old-for repair. dicide to replace old or damaged cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q
A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

growth in llants

A

cell elongation
rips of roots,shoots

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

cancer

A

uncontrolled cell division

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what controls the rate at which cells divide in mitosis

A

genes in dna

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what might happen if thetes a change in a gene that controlls cell dicision

A

ficiding uncontrolaby
result in a mass of abnormal cells(tumour)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

if tumour invades and destroys surroundings its

A

cancer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

percentile charts

A

messure growth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

stem cells

A

undifferentiated cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

how do stem cells differentiate

A

divide by mitosis to become new cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

where are stem cells found

A

human embryos-potential to divide to produce ang cell bc thats where we come from
bone marrow-arnt as versitile as embryo

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

meristems

A

where plant stem cells r found in plant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

where is meristem tissue found

A

area of plant thats growing eg shoots

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

meristem stem cells

A

form any cell like embroyo
unlimk himan they can differentiate to generate any cell for as long as llant lives

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
disease stem cells can cure
sickle cell amenia w bone marrow transplant
26
risks of using stem cells extracted from embroyo
tumour development-they divide quick disease transmission-viruses live in cells. rejection-body may see as foreign cell and trigger imune system responce
27
spinal cord
long column of neurons thag run from base of brain down the spine
28
cerebrum
biggest part of brain L hemisphere-controles msucles on right side R hemispheres-controls muscles on left side -movement,intellegence,memory,language,vison
29
cerebellum
muscle coordination balance
30
medulla oblongata
uncomsious activities breathing + heart rate
31
ct scanning
-xrays produce image of brian -shows main structures but not functions -can show diseased or damage brain structures wnd the oatient as lost a function -eg if patient cant see and ct can see damaged part of brain we know thats the vision part
32
pet scanning
-radioactice chemicls to see what parts r active -vv detailed -both structure and function -useful for studying disorders that change vrains activity
33
problems w treating cns
-neurons dont easily repair -not easy to acess -can lead to permant dange if treated wrong
34
sensory receptors
cells that detect change in envrionment (stimulus)
35
what happens when a stimukus is detected by receptors
-information convertrd into neverous (electival) impulse -sent along sensory neurons -to cns -cns sends coordinates responfe -cns sends info effector
36
37
rection time
time takes you to respond to stimulus
38
what do all neurons have
cell body w nuclues n cytoplasm
39
what are the extensions of the crll body
dendrites and dendrone-carry nerve impulrs towards the crll body axons-carry nerve impuleses away from cell body
40
what are some acons syrrounded by
myelin sheath-electrical insulator,speeding uo electrical impulse
41
sensory neurone
-one long dendron -carrys nerve impulses from receptor to cell body -one short axon carties nerve impulses from cell body to cns
42
motor neurone
-many short dentrites carry nerve impule from cns to cell body -one long axon carries nerve impule from cell body to effector cells
43
relay neurone
-many short dendrites carry neeve impulses drom sensory to cell body -axon cariies nerve impules from cell body to motor neurons
44
synapses
connection between 2 neurons
45
what is nerve signal transferred by
neurotransmitters that diffuse across gap
46
reflex arc
the passage of information in a reflex
47
rrelfex arc order
stimulus sensory relay motor
48
light receptors
in eye detect bright light and send msg to sesnory neurone to brain relay to motor which tells circulat myscles to contract making pupil smaller
49
cornea
refracts light into eye
50
iris
controls how much light entere pupil
51
lens
refects light focusing it onto retina
52
retina
light sensitive part covered in receptors called rods and cones that detect light
53
rods
more sensitive in dim ligjt but cant sense colour
54
cones
sensitive to different colours but not good in dim light
55
optic netve
carries impulses from receptors to brain
56
look at distant objects
-cilary muscle relxades -allowing suspensiru ligaments to pull tight -pulls lens into less rounded shape -so light is tefrected less
57
look at close onjevts
cilary muscle contracys -slackens suspensory ligaments -lens becomes more rounded shape -light refreavted more
58
long sighted
unable to see near objevts -lens is wrong shape and doesnt hend the light enough -eyeball to short -use glasses or contact lenses w convex lens to fix
59
short sighted
unable to see distant onjects lens is wring shaoe and bends the light tm eyeball to long glasses or contact lenses w concave lens fo dix
60
colour blindness
red or green cones not working properly
61

biology (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions