B7 Flashcards
1
Q
- What is the definition of a British Thermal Unit (Btu)?
A. The amount of energy required to raise 1 kg of water 1°C.
B. The amount of energy required to raise 1 lb of water 1°F.
C. The amount of energy required to raise 1 lb of air 1°F.
D. The energy transferred by radiation in 1 second.
A
The amount of energy required to raise 1 lb of water 1°F.
2
Q
- Which of the following is NOT a mode of heat transfer?
A. Conduction
B. Convection
C. Radiation
D. Reflection
A
Reflection
3
Q
- Which property measures the ability of a material to conduct heat?
A. Emittance
B. Reflectance
C. Thermal conductivity
D. Radiance
A
Thermal conductivity
4
Q
- What is the primary factor affecting heat transfer through insulation?
A. The density of the insulation material.
B. The resistance of the insulation with respect to its thickness.
C. The color of the insulation material.
D. The shape of the insulated object.
A
The resistance of the insulation with respect to its thickness.
5
Q
- What is an example of heat transfer through radiation?
A. Heat flowing through a metal rod in contact with a flame.
B. Warm air circulating in a room due to a heater.
C. Feeling warmth from the sun while standing outside.
D. Heat transfer through a liquid.
A
Feeling warmth from the sun while standing outside.
6
Q
- What is the primary unit of thermal conductivity in the English system of units?
A. Btu/(h·ft²·°F)
B. Btu/ (h· ft·°F)
C. Btu· in/(h·ft²·°F)
D. Btu/(ft·°F)
A
Btu/ (h· ft·°F)
7
Q
- How does air velocity impact surface resistance during heat transfer?
A. Higher air velocity decreases surface resistance.
B. Higher air velocity increases surface resistance.
C. Air velocity has no effect on surface resistance.
D. Air velocity only affects thermal conductivity.
A
Higher air velocity decreases surface resistance.
8
Q
- What happens to the thermal conductivity of a material as the temperature increases?
A. It remains constant.
B. It decreases significantly.
C. It increases.
D. It becomes independent of geometry.
A
It increases.
9
Q
- What is the primary function of thermal insulation in piping applications?
A. To completely stop heat transfer.
B. To provide a medium for retarding heat transfer.
C. To increase the temperature of the pipe.
D. To prevent mechanical damage to the pipe.
A
To provide a medium for retarding heat transfer.
10
Q
- Which of the following is NOT a common design criterion for insulation system design in piping applications?
A. Controlling heat loss on hot piping
B. Increasing the thickness of piping
C. Reducing heat gain on cold piping
D. Providing personnel protection
A
Increasing the thickness of piping
11
Q
- What is a key factor to consider when designing insulation for humid environments?
A. Economic optimization
B. Controlling condensation on cold piping
C. Providing freeze protection
D. Ensuring maximum mechanical strength
A
Controlling condensation on cold piping
12
Q
- What does insulation primarily do in the context of controlling heat loss?
A. Stops the heat flow completely.
B. Provides a barrier to heat flow.
C. Retards or minimizes the rate of heat flow.
D. Increases the temperature of the surface.
A
Retards or minimizes the rate of heat flow.
13
Q
- What is the commonly accepted upper temperature limit for personnel protection on insulated surfaces in recent years?
A. 140°F (60°C)
B. 125°F (52°C)
C. 111°F (44°C)
D. 150°F (65°C)
A
125°F (52°C)
14
Q
- What factor determines whether guards or insulation should be used for personnel protection?
A. The ambient temperature
B. The risk factor of human contact with the piping
C. The cost of insulation materials
D. The thickness of the pipe
A
The risk factor of human contact with the piping
15
Q
- Which type of surface material tends to create cooler touch conditions for personnel protection?
A. Highly reflective metal surfaces
B. Shiny metal finishes
C. Dull, textured finishes like fabric-reinforced mastic
D. Smooth plastic coatings
A
Dull, textured finishes like fabric-reinforced mastic
16
Q
- Which factor is critical in determining the economically optimal insulation thickness?
A. The temperature of the surrounding air during summer
B. The annual operating temperature and ambient conditions
C. The type of pipe material
D. The length of the piping system
A
The annual operating temperature and ambient conditions
17
Q
- Which factor might justify using a thicker insulation system?
A. Short-term operational needs
B. Longer life expectancy of the system
C. Higher installation costs
D. Minimal temperature variations
A
Longer life expectancy of the system
18
Q
- Which of the following is NOT a method of providing freeze protection?
A. Insulation thickness
B. Flow rate
C. Additional heat input
D. Lowering the ambient temperature
A
Lowering the ambient temperature
19
Q
- What is a key factor when designing a freeze protection system for a pipe exposed to different ambient conditions?
A. The highest operating temperature of the fluid
B. The worst-case ambient temperature and duration of exposure
C. The pipe’s material composition
D. The pipe’s diameter
A
The worst-case ambient temperature and duration of exposure
20
Q
- How does insulation help in freeze protection?
A. It prevents freezing entirely.
B. It slows down the freezing process but cannot stop it alone.
C. It raises the fluid’s temperature above freezing.
D. It eliminates the need for additional heat input.
A
It slows down the freezing process but cannot stop it alone.
21
Q
- Why is process control more critical in cold piping systems compared to hot piping systems?
A. Cold piping systems operate at higher pressures.
B. The maximum allowable heat transfer limits are lower for cold piping systems.
C. Cold piping systems are less affected by environmental conditions.
D. Cold piping systems require less insulation.
A
The maximum allowable heat transfer limits are lower for cold piping systems.
22
Q
- What is a significant challenge in cold piping systems caused by the direction of vapor driving force?
A. Increased heat loss to the environment
B. Gradual water ingress into the insulation system
C. Excessive vapor buildup inside the pipe
D. Rapid degradation of pipe material
A
Gradual water ingress into the insulation system
23
Q
- In what type of climate can insulation systems sometimes prevent condensation entirely?
A. Coastal regions with high humidity
B. Cold and windy regions
C. Very dry climates
D. Tropical regions with high rainfall
A
Very dry climates
24
Q
- What material is commonly used to ensure insulation remains in place under fire exposure conditions?
A. Aluminum jacketing
B. Plastic coating
C. Stainless steel jacketing
D. Copper jacketing
A
Stainless steel jacketing
25
Q
- Which insulation material is considered one of the best for sound attenuation in thermal insulation systems?
A. Mineral wool
B. Fiberglass
C. Polyurethane foam
D. Expanded polystyrene
A
Mineral wool
26
Q
- What type of jacketing material has better sound absorption properties?
A. Metal jacket
B. Fabric-reinforced mastic finish
C. Plastic sheathing
D. Aluminum foil wrap
A
Fabric-reinforced mastic finish
27
Q
- Why are outdoor insulation applications more complex than indoor applications?
A. They are not subjected to vapor pressure differentials.
B. They face challenges like rain, snow, and solar loads.
C. They require fewer precautions against moisture.
D. They do not experience temperature variations.
A
They face challenges like rain, snow, and solar loads.
28
Q
- What is the main detrimental element that affects insulation systems?
A. Heat migration
B. Moisture migration
C. Solar radiation
D. Wind pressure
A
Moisture migration
29
Q
- What is the primary reason for the use of vapor barriers in conditioned or nonconditioned spaces?
A. To prevent heat loss.
B. To resist water vapor migration toward colder surfaces.
C. To enhance insulation thickness.
D. To reflect solar radiation.
A
To resist water vapor migration toward colder surfaces.
30
Q
- What does the equivalent thickness of insulation depend on?
A. The thermal conductivity of the material
B. The ratio of the outer diameter of insulation to the outer diameter of the pipe
C. The type of vapor retarder used
D. The geographic location of the system
A
The ratio of the outer diameter of insulation to the outer diameter of the pipe
31
Q
- Why is it important to design insulation systems to prevent the ingress of water vapor?
A. To avoid corrosion of the vapor retarder
B. To minimize condensation outside the insulation
C. To maintain thermal performance and avoid moisture accumulation
D. To ensure thermal expansion and contraction of the insulation
A
To maintain thermal performance and avoid moisture accumulation
32
Q
- Why is high compressive strength insulation recommended for high traffic areas?
A. To prevent moisture infiltration
B. To withstand physical damage from walking or other activities
C. To maintain temperature consistency
D. To reduce thermal conductivity
A
To withstand physical damage from walking or other activities
33
Q
- Which of the following is a common system used for underground direct-burial piping applications?
A. Preinsulated conduit with annulus airspace
B. Precast trenches with expansion loops
C. Pour-in loose-fill with calcium carbonate powder
D. D. Steel pipe with basic thermal insulation
A
Preinsulated conduit with annulus airspace
34
Q
- What is the main challenge when insulating piping systems for underground applications?
A. Thermal expansion of the pipe
B. Groundwater infiltration into the insulation
C. The weight of the insulation
D. Limited availability of insulation materials
A
Groundwater infiltration into the insulation
35
Q
- Which material is most commonly used for field-installed insulation in high-temperature underground piping systems?
A. Polyurethane foam
B. Cellular glass
C. Calcium carbonate
D. Preinsulated conduit
A
Cellular glass
36
Q
- When calculating heat transfer for a chilled water pipe, what does the “minus sign” in the result indicate?
A. The heat is lost to the surrounding environment
B. The insulation thickness is too high
C. The heat flow is in the direction of the pipe
D. The insulation is ineffective in preventing heat flow
A
The heat flow is in the direction of the pipe
37
Q
- What is the benefit of retrofitting existing insulation systems?
A. It increases energy consumption
B. It ensures complete insulation coverage
C. It optimizes energy conservation and personnel protection
D. It eliminates the need for further insulation maintenance
A
It optimizes energy conservation and personnel protection
38
Q
- What is the purpose of the iterative process in determining the correct thickness of the new retrofitted layer of insulation?
A. To calculate the heat loss
B. To determine the correct insulation material
C. To achieve the desired interface temperature
D. To minimize the surface area
A
To achieve the desired interface temperature
39
Q
What is the primary concern when insulating pipes in cryogenic service?
A. Preventing the condensation of oxygen
B. Protecting the insulation from mechanical damage
C. Preventing water vapor migration toward the pipe surface
D. Ensuring easy maintenance of the insulation
A
Preventing water vapor migration toward the pipe surface
40
Q
- What is the risk associated with organic foam insulations in cryogenic applications?
A. They can cause an explosion when exposed to high heat
B. They may contribute to oxygen contamination, leading to explosions
C. They become brittle and break at low temperatures
D. They form dangerous chemical reactions with cryogenic gases
A
They may contribute to oxygen contamination, leading to explosions
41
Q
- What is the primary reason for insulating sanitary and sewerage water lines?
A. To maintain water temperature
B. To prevent freezing
C. To reduce energy consumption
D. To protect the environment
A
To prevent freezing
42
Q
- Which of the following is a high-density insulation material used exclusively for applications above 250°F (121°C)?
A. Elastomeric foam insulation
B. Calcium silicate insulation
C. Polyurethane foam insulation
D. Cellular glass insulation
A
Calcium silicate insulation
43
Q
- What is the main advantage of cellular glass insulation’s closed-cell structure?
A. It is highly flexible
B. It is impervious to liquid water and water vapor pressure
C. It has excellent fire resistance
D. It is easily shaped into custom forms
A
It is impervious to liquid water and water vapor pressure
44
Q
- Elastomeric foam insulation is primarily used in which type of applications?
A. High-temperature industrial systems
B. Residential and commercial applications
C. Cold storage units
D. Cryogenic piping systems
A
Residential and commercial applications
45
Q
- How is calcium silicate insulation typically applied to piping?
A. By gluing the insulation directly to the pipe surface
B. Using metal bands and covering with a metal jacket
C. Wrapping the insulation with fabric
D. Using a combination of tapes and adhesives
A
Using metal bands and covering with a metal jacket
46
Q
- Which type of insulation is most commonly used for freeze protection applications on plastic piping?
A. Perlite insulation
B. Polystyrene insulation
C. Phenolic foam insulation
D. Mineral wool insulation
A
Phenolic foam insulation
47
Q
- What is the primary use for polystyrene insulation?
A. Industrial high-temperature applications
B. Residential and food processing applications
C. Cryogenic piping applications
D. Steam and condensate return systems
A
Residential and food processing applications
48
Q
- Which insulation material is known for having a low permeability rating and being easy to work with?
A. Polyurethane foam
B. Polystyrene insulation
C. Fiberglass insulation
D. Cellular glass insulation
A
Polystyrene insulation
49
Q
- What is the primary use of acrylic latex mastic in insulation systems?
A. To provide vapor protection
B. As a weather barrier coating for rigid insulations
C. To secure insulation materials in place
D. As a fire-resistant layer for insulation
A
As a weather barrier coating for rigid insulations
50
Q
- What is the standard thickness of aluminum jacketing most commonly used in piping applications?
A. 0.016 in (0.4 mm)
B. 0.020 in (0.5 mm)
C. 0.5 in (12.7 mm)
D. 0.75 in (19 mm)
A
0.016 in (0.4 mm)
51
Q
- What is a critical consideration when specifying aluminum jacketing for use with permeable insulation materials?
A. It must be applied in multiple layers for added insulation
B. It must include a factory-applied moisture barrier liner
C. It must be used only for hot applications
D. It must be thicker than standard jacketing for better durability
A
It must include a factory-applied moisture barrier liner
52
Q
- For which type of service are stainless steel bands commonly specified?
A. General residential applications
B. Caustic service and fire protection applications
C. Lightweight insulation support
D. As a vapor retarder in cold applications
A
Caustic service and fire protection applications
53
Q
- What is the primary use of fiberglass-reinforced tape in insulation systems?
A. To provide fire protection
B. To provide permanent insulation securement
C. For temporary securement of insulation on piping with small outer diameters (ODs)
D. As a vapor barrier
A
For temporary securement of insulation on piping with small outer diameters (ODs)
54
Q
- For which application is fiberglass-reinforced tape NOT considered acceptable?
A. When it is used to secure insulation on piping with small ODs
B. When the insulation system is designed for fire protection
C. For general insulation applications
D. As a temporary means of securement for outdoor insulation
A
When the insulation system is designed for fire protection
