B10 Flashcards
1
Q
- Which of the following is a consequence of pipeline corrosion?
A) Economic growth
B) Environmental disasters
C) Increased construction costs
D) Increased pipeline capacity
A
Environmental disasters
2
Q
- What is the primary function of fusion-bonded epoxy (FBE) coatings in pipeline systems?
A) To control the steel/coating interface where corrosion begins
B) To increase the flexibility of the pipeline
C) To prevent leaks in pipelines
D) To make the pipeline visually appealing
A
To control the steel/coating interface where corrosion begins
3
Q
- Which factor aggravates internal pipeline corrosion?
A) Excessive sunlight
B) High levels of hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) and carbon dioxide (CO₂)
C) High temperatures during construction
D) Low operating pressures
A
High levels of hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) and carbon dioxide (CO₂)
4
Q
- How does the effectiveness of a corrosion-prevention system affect pipeline operational costs?
A) It increases maintenance costs
B) It has no effect on costs
C) It reduces general maintenance and operational costs
D) It increases energy consumption
A
It reduces general maintenance and operational costs
5
Q
- Which of the following is NOT an advantage of internal linings in pipelines?
A. Improve fluid flow for higher throughput
B. Facilitate the pipeline’s disposal after use
C. Prevent corrosion during storage
D. Facilitate pipeline cleaning after hydrostatic testing
A
Facilitate the pipeline’s disposal after use
6
Q
- What makes fusion-bonded epoxy (FBE) a preferred choice for pipeline coating?
A. It contains trapped solvents, enhancing its adhesion qualities.
B. It provides a thin, smooth, and abrasion-resistant finish.
C. It is a multi-part epoxy resin requiring external solvents.
D. It is primarily used for decorative purposes in pipelines.
A
It provides a thin, smooth, and abrasion-resistant finish.
7
Q
- What is one key reason for the water industry’s preference for fusion-bonded epoxy (FBE) coatings over concrete linings?
A. FBE provides thicker coatings than concrete.
B. FBE coatings are more lightweight and reduce bulk during installation.
C. Concrete coatings are more cost-effective but less durable.
D. FBE coatings are decorative and used only in special cases.
A
FBE coatings are more lightweight and reduce bulk during installation.
8
Q
- What is the main purpose of cathodic protection in pipelines?
A. To enhance coating adhesion on metallic surfaces
B. To create anodic areas on the pipeline surface
C. To prevent corrosion by making the pipeline surface cathodic
D. To insulate the pipeline from external water contact
A
To prevent corrosion by making the pipeline surface cathodic
9
Q
- What is gel time in the context of fusion-bonded epoxy (FBE)?
A. The time required for the coating material to adhere to the pipe
B. The time interval during which the coating material transitions from liquid to solid
C. The time needed for the coating to cure completely
D. The duration for which the coating provides corrosion resistance
A
The time interval during which the coating material transitions from liquid to solid
10
Q
- What is a “holiday” in the context of pipeline coatings?
A. A period when pipeline maintenance is scheduled
B. A hole or discontinuity in the coating that allows an electric charge to pass
C. A protective layer applied to prevent corrosion
D. A specific type of internal pipeline lining
A
A hole or discontinuity in the coating that allows an electric charge to pass
11
Q
- What is a “joint” in pipeline terminology?
A. A type of coating used to prevent pipeline corrosion
B. A welded area connecting two pieces of pipe
C. A protective layer of fusion-bonded epoxy
D. Rows of pipe stored directly on each other
A
A welded area connecting two pieces of pipe
12
Q
- What does “stacked” mean in the storage of pipelines?
A. Rows of pipe placed on each other with layers of stripping in between
B. Rows of pipe placed directly on each other without spacing
C. Storing pipe in a vertical arrangement to save space
D. A method of applying fusion-bonded epoxy coatings
A
Rows of pipe placed on each other with layers of stripping in between
13
Q
- What are the three components of a three-layer coating for external pipe protection?
A. A concrete layer, a rubber lining, and a polyolefin adhesive
B. An epoxy corrosion-protection layer, a tie-layer of polyolefin adhesive, and an overcoating of polyolefin
C. A fusion-bonded epoxy layer, a concrete lining, and a plastic overcoating
D. A tie-layer of rubber adhesive, an epoxy layer, and a polyolefin overcoating
A
An epoxy corrosion-protection layer, a tie-layer of polyolefin adhesive, and an overcoating of polyolefin
14
Q
- What is a key disadvantage of concrete linings compared to FBE linings?
A. Concrete linings are more expensive than FBE linings.
B. Concrete linings increase the inside diameter of the pipe.
C. Concrete linings reduce the inside diameter of the pipe.
D. Concrete linings have higher roughness than FBE linings.
A
Concrete linings reduce the inside diameter of the pipe.
15
Q
- Why are plastic linings preferred over concrete linings in certain applications?
A. They are easier to apply and remove.
B. They result in reduced roughness and minimal reduction in pipe diameter.
C. They provide superior thermal insulation compared to concrete.
D. They are less resistant to abrasion but cheaper than concrete linings.
A
They result in reduced roughness and minimal reduction in pipe diameter.
16
Q
- What is a major limitation of phenolic resin linings?
A. High permeability to water vapor and carbon dioxide
B. Low impact resistance and moderate caustic resistance
C. Inability to withstand high temperatures and pressures
D. Excessive thickness required for application
A
Low impact resistance and moderate caustic resistance
17
Q
- Which lining material is sensitive to hydrogen sulfide and acid?
A. Phenolic resin
B. Nylon powder linings
C. Urethane linings
D. Modified epoxy-phenolic linings
A
Nylon powder linings
18
Q
- What is a significant advantage of fusion-bonded epoxy (FBE) coatings compared to other linings?
A. They require multiple layers to achieve the desired thickness.
B. They contain volatile organic compounds (VOCs).
C. They are applied in one operation and offer improved flexibility and chemical resistance.
D. They are limited to low-temperature applications only.
A
They are applied in one operation and offer improved flexibility and chemical resistance.
19
Q
- Which of the following factors is NOT a key consideration when selecting an external pipeline coating?
A. Physical and chemical stability
B. Soil stress resistance
C. Resistance to cathodic protection
D. Adhesion and resistance to impact
A
Resistance to cathodic protection
20
Q
- What is the primary advantage of combining two layers in pipeline coatings?
A. It simplifies the coating application process.
B. It allows the coating to meet specific pipeline requirements by combining performance properties of both layers.
C. It eliminates the need for cathodic protection.
D. It reduces the cost of manufacturing coatings.
A
It allows the coating to meet specific pipeline requirements by combining performance properties of both layers.
21
Q
- Which of the following is NOT a raw material commonly used in FBE coatings?
A. Resins
B. Curing agents
C. Carbon fiber reinforcements
D. Fillers and pigments
A
Carbon fiber reinforcements
22
Q
- What is a critical requirement for an epoxy resin to be useful in powder coatings?
A. It must be a liquid at room temperature.
B. It must be a solid at ambient temperature but able to melt and flow at application temperatures.
C. It must not require curing agents to achieve desired properties.
D. It must react only with acidic curing agents.
A
It must be a solid at ambient temperature but able to melt and flow at application temperatures.
23
Q
- Which of the following is a basic curing agent used in epoxy resin systems?
A. Organic anhydrides
B. Aromatic amines
C. Lewis acids
D. Tertiary amines
A
Aromatic amines
24
Q
- How does crosslink density affect the properties of a coating system?
A. It reduces chemical resistance but increases flexibility.
B. It improves both flexibility and chemical resistance simultaneously.
C. It significantly affects flexibility and chemical resistance inversely.
D. It has no effect on the flexibility or chemical resistance of the coating.
A
It significantly affects flexibility and chemical resistance inversely.
25
25. What is the primary function of catalysts in epoxy curing systems?
A. To provide color and flow control to the coating.
B. To control the speed of the curing reaction and direct the curing mechanism.
C. To replace curing agents in high-temperature applications.
D. To increase the pigment density in the coating system.
To control the speed of the curing reaction and direct the curing mechanism.
26
26. What is the tradeoff associated with using fillers in epoxy coating systems?
A. Increased flexibility at the expense of chemical resistance.
B. Improved chemical resistance and hot-water resistance at the expense of flexibility.
C. Enhanced curing speed but reduced crosslink density.
D. Reduced pigment concentration but improved flow control.
Improved chemical resistance and hot-water resistance at the expense of flexibility.
27
27. What is the primary purpose of the intermediate adhesive layer in three-layer external pipe- coating systems?
A. To provide additional chemical resistance.
B. To bond the epoxy layer to the polyolefin layer.
C. To prevent water permeation.
D. To increase the mechanical strength of the polyolefin layer.
To bond the epoxy layer to the polyolefin layer.
28
28. Why is it important to adjust gel and cure times during the application of FBE coatings?
A. To improve the pigment concentration in the coating.
B. To ensure the coating is flexible enough for application.
C. To prevent undercure or inadequate wet-out and flow, which can cause coating defects.
D. To reduce the overall cost of the coating material.
To prevent undercure or inadequate wet-out and flow, which can cause coating defects.
29
29. What happens if an FBE powder advances too far before usage?
A. It enhances the chemical resistance of the coating.
B. It results in a smoother and more durable coating.
C. It negatively impacts the application process and coating performance.
D. It reduces the adhesion properties of the polyolefin layer.
It negatively impacts the application process and coating performance.
30
30. Which of the following application methods is NOT typically used for FBE coatings?
A. Electrostatic spray
B. Flocking
C. Fluidized bed
D. Solvent brushing
Solvent brushing
31
31. What is a critical consideration when selecting an internal lining system for pipelines?
A. The adhesive properties of the polyolefin topcoat.
B. The balance between chemical resistance and flexibility.
C. The environmental impact of the curing agents used.
D. The polarity of the epoxy and its compatibility with steel.
The balance between chemical resistance and flexibility
32
32. What is the biggest tradeoff when selecting a coating formulation for pipeline linings?
A. Durability vs. cost
B. Flexibility vs. application speed and chemical/temperature resistance
C. Thickness vs. weight
D. Adhesion vs. resistance to cathodic disbondment
Flexibility vs. application speed and chemical/temperature resistance
33
33. What is the first step in the FBE application process?
A. Heat
B. Clean
C. Cure
D. Apply FBE
Clean
34
34. What is the purpose of priming in FBE application for highly corrosive internal-pipeline conditions?
A. To improve flexibility of the coating
B. To provide an adhesion layer between the substrate and FBE
C. To prevent UV degradation of the coating
D. To increase the curing speed of FBE
To provide an adhesion layer between the substrate and FBE
35
35. Which of the following is a method used in FBE application for powder coating components?
A. Thermoforming
B. Fluidized bed
C. Sandblasting
D. Spray painting
Fluidized bed
36
36. What method is used for cooling the pipe after FBE application?
A. By allowing the pipe to dissipate heat in ambient air or spraying water on it.
B. By submerging it in a cooling tank filled with cold liquid.
C. By rapidly blowing cold air on the coated pipe.
D. By using a chemical solution to cool the coating.
By allowing the pipe to dissipate heat in ambient air or spraying water on it.
37
37. What is the primary goal of quality assurance in coating systems like FBE linings or coatings?
A. To ensure the coating is applied as quickly as possible
B. To monitor and ensure the successful production of coating systems
C. To apply multiple layers of coating on the pipe
D. To minimize the use of testing procedures
To monitor and ensure the successful production of coating systems
38
38. What should be carefully inspected on the in-bound pipe before applying a coating or lining?
A. The weight of the pipe
B. The surface defects and any contamination
C. The pipe length
D. The color of the pipe
The surface defects and any contamination
39
39. What is the main purpose of peel-adhesion tests in three-layer external coating systems?
A. To check the color consistency of the coating
B. To evaluate the bonding between the coating layers and the steel substrate
C. To measure the thickness of the coating
D. To test the flexibility of the coating
To evaluate the bonding between the coating layers and the steel substrate
40
40. What is the purpose of postweld cleaning after welding a pipeline?
A. To remove excess heat
B. To remove flux and any blast media
C. To prepare the pipe for painting
D. To check the pipe for leaks
To remove flux and any blast media
41
41. How is the final inspection of the coating quality typically carried out in the girth-weld process?
A. By visual examination only
B. By using robotic video-inspection equipment
C. By manual thickness measurements
D. By comparing it to a sample coating
By using robotic video-inspection equipment
42
42. What should be used to pad both sides of the pipe hooks and the first 4 feet of the cable attached to the pipe hooks?
A. Foam
B. Rubber or urethane
C. Plastic
D. Carpet
Rubber or urethane
43
43. What type of hold-down strapping is recommended for shipping to avoid damage?
A. Non-metallic or steel banding with burr-free edges
B. Chains with padding
C. Nylon strapping
D. Plastic bands
Non-metallic or steel banding with burr-free edges
44
44. When stockpiling coated pipe, how should the bottom row of pipe be positioned?
A. Directly on the ground
B. Elevated off the ground on timber skids or earth berms
C. Placed on rubber mats
D. Kept suspended in the air
Elevated off the ground on timber skids or earth berms
45
45. What is the normal and acceptable result of chalking on FBE coatings?
A. Complete damage to the coating
B. Formation of a light-colored powdery residue due to sunlight and moisture
C. Peeling of the entire coating
D. The coating turning black
Formation of a light-colored powdery residue due to sunlight and moisture
46
46. What type of equipment should be used when offloading FBE-coated pipes?
A. Steel cables
B. Nylon slings, rope belts, or padded equipment
C. Chain hoists
D. Unpadded metal straps
Nylon slings, rope belts, or padded equipment
47
47. What should be used to protect the coating during welding in the field?
A. Fire-retardant matting or cloth
B. Thick plastic sheets
C. Aluminum foil
D. Cardboard
Fire-retardant matting or cloth
48
48. How should the two-part epoxy be applied during repairs?
A. By spraying it directly onto the surface
B. Using a spatula, paint brush, or paint roller
C. By dripping it onto the surface
D. By injecting it into cracks
Using a spatula, paint brush, or paint roller
49
49. What is important for the user, owner, and designer to ensure when using FBE lining and coatings?
A. Only follow manufacturer recommendations
B. Compliance with local, state, and federal regulations
C. Select any available lining and coating system
D. Ignore the technical codes and standards
Compliance with local, state, and federal regulations
