B7

Question 1

carcinogen

Answer 1

agents that chase cancer or significantly increase the risk

Question 2

ionising radiation

Answer 2

has enough energy to cause ionisation in the materials it passes through

Question 3

causal mechanism

Answer 3

something that explains how one factor influences another, using biological reasoning

Question 4

benign tumour

Answer 4

growth of abnormal cells that are contained in one area, usually within a membrane, and do not invade other tissues

Question 5

malignant tumour

Answer 5

tumour cells that invade neighbouring tissues and are spread to different parts of the body in the blood, forming secondary tumours

Question 6

risk factors

Answer 6

factors that increase your change of getting a disease

Question 7

incidence

Answer 7

the number of people diagnosed with a particular disease in a particular population at a particular time

Question 8

prevalence

Answer 8

the number of people who have a particular condition

Question 9

mortality

Answer 9

the number of deaths per unit of population from a specific disease

Question 10

causes of cancer

Answer 10

1. genetic risk factors
2. mutations caused by chemicals e.g. tar and asbestos
3. ionising radiation from UV light or x-rays

Question 11

obesity

Answer 11

having a BMI over 30

Question 12

BMI calculation

Answer 12

BMI = mass in kg / height (m)squared

Question 13

type 1 diabetes

Answer 13

the pancreas stops/never makes insulin

Question 14

type 2 diabetes

Answer 14

body stops responding to / making insulin

Question 15

how is sugar “hidden” on labels

Answer 15

listing sugars under different names. there are 56 different types of sugar, so they are not always recognised