B9 Flashcards
equation for respiration
C6H12 + 6O2 > 6CO2 + 6H2O
exothermic definition
a reaction that releases energy into its surroundings
respiration definition
chemical process of burning oxygen and glucose to make energy, occurs in every cell in the mitochondria
breathing definition
a mechanical process in the lungs, which allows us to inhale and exhale
mitochondria definition
organelles found in cells
where does glucose for respiration come from?
food, digestion, into small intestine
where does oxygen for respiration come from?
oxygen in air, into lungs, into alveoli, into bloodstream
how do we get rid of water and carbon dioxide from respiration?
alveoli, lungs, exhaled, kidneys, excretory system
what is energy from respiration used for?
in animals, used to make muscles contract
why do plant cells need a lot of mitochondria?
require a lot of energy to perform photosynthesis and cell respiration
why should you eat carbohydrates after exercising?
help to maintain blood sugar levels and replenish the muscle’s glycogen
aerobic respiration
exothermic reaction, in which glucose is broken down by oxygen to produce CO2 and water, and release energy from the cells
anaerobic respiration
exothermic reaction, in which glucose is broken down WITHOUT oxygen to produce lactic acid. a small amount of energy is transferred to the cells
how does pulse rate differ in people of different levels of fitness?
an unfit person will have a higher resting heart rate than a fit person
what is glycogen
carbohydrate, stored form of glucose in muscles
why is glycogen converted back to glucose
to be used as fuel for the cells
oxygen debt definition
the extra oxygen that must be taken into the body after exercise has stopped, to complete the aerobic respiration of lactic acid
lactic acid definition
acid produced in muscle tissues during strenuous exercise
metabolism definition
the sun of all the reactions that happen in a cell or the body
how can alcohol damage the liver
alcohol alters the chemicals that break down and remove scar tissue, causing scar tissue to build up in the liver, preventing it from functioning properly
hepatic vein function
carries blood from the liver to the heart with levels of food adjusted
hepatic portal vein function
carries the blood, containing digested food, from the intestines to the liver
hepatic artery function
brings oxygenated blood to the liver
how is lactic acid transported to the liver
taken from the muscle tissue to the liver, carried by the blood
what does liver first convert lactic acid into
converted to glucose
what does the liver secondly convert lactic acid into
glucose is converted to glycogen through the process of glycogenesis
what does the liver do with unneeded glucose
converted to glycogen for storage
