B6 Flashcards
vaccination
- dead or weakened pathogens injected into the body.
- the WBC recognise the microbe
- short delay while WBC produce antibodies
- antibodies kill the microbe, so you do not get the disease
- makes you immune
- if the microbe enters the body again, it is recognised and fought quicker than before
herd immunity
vaccinating a large portion of a population to reduce the spread of the pathogen
antibiotic
a medicine that kills bacteria in the body. antibiotics cannot kill viruses
antiseptic
chemical that kills microorganisms in the environment
factors that feed into antibiotic resistance
- incorrect prescription and dosage
- not finishing the full course of treatment
- overuse in livestock and fish farming
- poor infection control in hospitals/clinics
- poor hygiene
- lack of new antibiotics being developed
who discovered penicillin
alexander flemming
ernst chan
howard florey
efficacy
a measure of how effective a drug can be
toxicity
how toxic or harmful a drug is
dosage
the volume of a drug and how frequently it is taken
placebo
a fake drug (usually a sugar pill) that has no effect. often taken when trialling new drugs
4 main important factors when developing a new drug
- safe (no harmful effects)
- effective (treats the disease)
- uptake & removal ( body absorbs the drug and clears it when it’s used)
- stable ( can be stored for long periods of time and used in normal conditions)
drug discovery process
1.research
2. pre-clinical trials, done in laboratories
3. clinical trials:
phase 1 - focusing on how the drug works in the body/safety
phase 2 - tested for how the body can remove the drug/dosage
phase 3 - making the drug effective for a wide variety of people
4. FDA approval
5. open market/public use
which CELL produces antibodies
lymphocytes
