B2

Question 1

what is mitosis?

Answer 1

type of cell division, which is responsible for growth, making identical cells

Question 2

first stage of mitosis cell division

Answer 2

prophase: chromosomes inside the nucleus

Question 3

second stage of mitosis cell division

Answer 3

metaphase:
spindles from the centrioles attach to chromosomes, aligned at the equator of the spindle

Question 4

third stage of mitosis cell division

Answer 4

anaphase:
chromosomes separate, each half attached to a spindle at the end of a centriole

Question 5

fourth stage of mitosis cell division

Answer 5

telophase:
two separate nucleuses, containing the same number of half chromosomes

Question 6

fifth stage of mitosis cell division

Answer 6

cytokinesis:
two separate identical cells, cytoplasm and cell membrane divide

Question 7

how many chromosomes do humans have

Answer 7

46 chromosomes, 23 from each parent

Question 8

what is a diploid

Answer 8

a cell with 2 sets of chromosomes (46 pairs)

Question 9

what is a haploid

Answer 9

a cell with only 1 set of chromosomes (23 pairs)

Question 10

what is a gamete

Answer 10

reproductive cells: egg cells, sperm cells

Question 11

what is the cell cycle

Answer 11

a series of events that take place as a cell grows and divides

Question 12

cell cycle G1

Answer 12

growth, preparation for DNA synthesis

Question 13

cell cycle S

Answer 13

DNA replication

Question 14

apoptosis

Answer 14

the cell does not pass the checkpoint and gets destroyed

Question 15

advantages of quick cell division

Answer 15

good for the enzymes in the digestion process

Question 16

cell cycle G2

Answer 16

preparation for mitosis, growth

Question 17

cell cycle M

Answer 17

mitosis:
prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase

Question 18

what causes cancer

Answer 18

uncontrolled cell growth

Question 19

what percentage of a cells life is spent in interphase?

Answer 19

90%

Question 20

what is a cell checkpoint?

Answer 20

checks to see if the cell is replicating DNA and growing properly before mitosis

Question 21

why do people lose their hair during chemotherapy?

Answer 21

chemo targets fast-growing cells, such as hair cells

Question 22

stem cell definition

Answer 22

an undifferentiated cell with the potential to form a wide variety of different cell types

Question 23

embryonic stem cells

Answer 23

stem cells from an early embryo that can differentiate to form the specialised cells of the body

Question 24

adult stem cells

Answer 24

stem cells that are found in adults that can differentiate and form a limited number of cells

Question 25

how can stem cells be used

Answer 25

they can help medical conditions by replacing damaged cells from disease or chemotherapy

Question 26

why are stem cells problematic

Answer 26

people believe it offends human dignity or harms/destroys human life

Question 27

growth of an egg cell

Answer 27

zygote once a sperm fertilises the egg, embryo, fetus, baby

Question 28

growth definition

Answer 28

a permanent increase in size as a result of cell division or cell enlargement

Question 29

differentiate definition

Answer 29

the process where cells become specialised for a particular function

Question 30

differentiation in plant cells

Answer 30

plant cells retain the ability to differentiate throughout life

Question 31

differentiation in animal cells

Answer 31

animal cells can only differentiate at an early stage

Question 32

where does plant cell differentiation take place

Answer 32

meristems - tissues found in the tips of the roots and shoots of plants