B6.1 Monitoring and maintaining the environment Flashcards

1
Q

What is a Sample?

A

Observations or measurements from a small area, which is representative of a larger area.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Name four different sampling techniques for animals.

A
  • Pooters
  • Sweep nets
  • Kick sampling
  • Tree beating
  • Pitfall traps
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Name two different sampling techniques for plant species.

A
  • Quadrat
  • Transect
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What tool could be used to record the abundance of different plant species in a habitat?

A

A quadrat.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What tool could be used to record the abundance of different flying insect species in a habitat?

A

A sweep net

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What tool could be used to record the abundance of different small crawling animsl species in a habitat?

A

A pitfall trap

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the two different approaches to sampling plants?

A
  1. Random sampling
  2. Non-random sampling
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

State the approach to sampling being used when sampling with a transect.

A

Non-random

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the equation for calculating animal population size?

A

Estimated population size = (first sample x second sample) / number of recaptured marked individuals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Describe the mark-release-recapture method?

A
  • Use a trap to capture some animals
  • Mark the captured animals
  • Release the animals
  • Set up the trap again in a couple of days
  • Note the number of animals in the recapture and the number of those that are marked.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

State five negative impacts that humans have upon the environement/

A
  • Hunting
  • Deforestation
  • Pollution
  • Land use
  • Pesticides
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

State five positive impacts that humans have upon the environment.

A
  • Sustainable farming
  • Captive breeding progammes
  • Creating nature reserves
  • Recycling
  • Preserving habitats
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Define biodiversity.

A

The variety in all the species living in an ecosystem.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Name three benefits of maintaining biodiversity.

A
  • Ecotourism can provide money for local economies
  • Prevent extinction
  • Some animals or plants may have useful medicinal properties
  • Balance within an ecosystem.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

State two challanges to maintaining biodiversity.

A
  • It can be difficult to gain political agreement upon policies
  • Populations may need (re)educating to understand why they must change their (lifelong) ways of doing things.
  • Maintaining biodiversity can be expensive (in the short term).
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is conservation?

A

Protecting a natural environment to ensure that habitats are not lost.

17
Q

Give two examples of conservation activities/

A
  • Controlled grazing
  • Feeding animals
  • Controlling numbers of dominant species (grey squirrel)
  • Restricting human access
  • Reintroduction of species
18
Q

What is captive breeding?

A

Breeding animals in a human-controlled environment such as a zoo or aquarium with the aim to:

  • Create a healthy stable population
  • Gradually reintroduce
  • Maintain genetic diversity
19
Q

What is the issue with captive breeding?

A

Organisms may not be suitable for release into the wild:

  • they may not know how to hunt / forage for food
  • they may not be able to recognise threats in the wild
20
Q

What a seed banks.

A

A store of plant genetic material with the purpose of providing a backup against the extinction of plant species.

21
Q

How can changes in water levels affect ecosystems?

A
  • Animals may have to migrate to find water
  • Melting cap caps may destroy habitats of some aniamls
22
Q

How can atmospheric gases affect ecosystems?

A
  • Some organisms cannot survive when certain gases are present
  • Polluted water can cause illness to animals that drink it
  • Certain gases can lead to acid rain which can cause deforestation
23
Q

What is an indicator species?

A

A species thats population size is directly correlates to the levels of pollution.

24
Q

Explain how litchens are used as indicator species.

A
  • Lichens have no root systems and derive most of their nutrition from the air and rainwater
  • Air pollutants dissolved in rainwater, especially sulphur dioxide, damage litchens affecting their growth
  • A lack of litchens is a sign of high pollution.
  • Certain species will tollerate different levels of air polllution
  • Crusty litchens are found in areas of polluted air.
  • Leafy litchens are found in areas of moderately polluted air.
  • Bushy litchens are found in areas of unpolluted (clean) air.
25
Q

State the organisms that you would expect to find as indicators of different levels of water pollution.

A
  • Unpolluted - Mayfly larva / nymphs
  • Low pollution - freshwater shrimp
  • High pollution - water louse
  • Very high pollution - sludge worms