B1.2 What happens in cells Flashcards
State the role of DNA in the body
DNA is the substance that contains all the instructions that determine your characteristics
Place in size order: gene, chromosome, genome, DNA, nucleus, cell, nucleotide
Nucleotide (smallest)
Gene
DNA
Chromosome
Genome
Nucleus
Cell (largest)
What is DNA?
DNA is deoxyribose nucleic acid, the genetic material found within the nucleus of every one of your cells.
Each long molecule (polymer) of DNA is aโฆ
Chromosome
The units that make up the polymer DNA are called
nucleotides
Each nucleotides are composed of:
1 phosphate 1 deoxyribose 1 organic base
There are four organic bases
Adenine Thymine Cytosine Guanine
A gene is
A short section of DNA found upon a chromosome which codes for a specific protein
Name the protein that DNA coils around in the formation of a chromosome
Histone
What it complementary base pairing?
Adenine always pairs with thymine Cytosine always pairs with guanine
What is the name of the structure formed by DNA, as discovered by Watson and Crick in the 1950s
Double Helix
Who produced the first ever photograph of DNA, โphoto 51โ, that led to the discover of DNAโs structure.
Rosalind Franklin
Why is the double helix described as being โanti-parallelโ?
The two strands which form DNA are parallel but run in opposite directions
The phosphate and deoxyribose molecules in a DNA polymer are joined to form theโฆ
sugar-phosphate backbone
What is the name of the weak bonds formed between bases of opposing strands of DNA?
Hydrogen bonds