B6.050 Prework 2-8 Videos

Question 1

function of PO4 in bone

Answer 1

increases spontaneous mineralization

reason why you get rid of it when you have low serum calcium

Question 2

long term effects of PTH

Answer 2

stimulation of vit D activation in the kidney more long term solution than bone resorption

Question 3

symptoms of Mg derangements

Answer 3

hyperphosphatemia
hypocalcemia
need to correct Mg before you can correct the other two

Question 4

causes of Mg derangements

Answer 4

diarrhea, diuretics, alcohol abuse

Question 5

paradoxical effect of Mg on PTH

Answer 5

low Mg stimulates release of PTH

VERY low Mg inhibits release of PTH

Question 6

high Ca high PTH

Answer 6

pHPTH

Question 7

low Ca low PTH

Answer 7

primary hypoparathyroidism

Question 8

low Ca high PTH

Answer 8

secondary HPTH

Question 9

high Ca low PTH

Answer 9

primary hypercalcemia

Question 10

what is the cause of pseudohyperparathyroidism

Answer 10

multiple myeloma

Question 11

etiology of pseudohyperparathyroidism

Answer 11

bone marrow infiltration by multiple myeloma breaks down bone
this results in increased Ca and PO4 in blood, but a low PTH

Question 12

lab findings in diGeorge syndrome

Answer 12

low Ca
high PO4
low PTH

Question 13

lab findings in pseudohyperparathyroidism

Answer 13

high Ca
high PO4
low PTH

Question 14

lab findings in secondary HPTH

Answer 14

low Ca
high PO4
high alk phos
high 25OH
low 1,25OH
low urine Ca

Question 15

what % of calcium is circulating

Answer 15

<1%
45% of which is free ions
other 55% is bound to albumin and anions

Question 16

effects of H+ ions on Ca binding

Answer 16

competitively inhibit Ca2+ binding
acidosis causes hypercalcemia
alkalosis causes hypocalcemia

Question 17

treatment of FHH

Answer 17

no symptoms = no treatment

symptoms = calcimimetic, allosterically activates CaSR

Question 18

function of calcitonin

Answer 18

decreases Ca and PO4 in blood

Question 19

effect of calcitonin on physiology

Answer 19

increased osteoblast activity
decreased osteoclast activity
decreased intestinal/renal Ca2+ absorption

Question 20

most common kidney stone

Answer 20

calcium oxalate (80%)
gradually grows

Question 21

symptoms of kidney stone

Answer 21

can go undetected until they move
scratch wall of urinary tract
blood in urine
intense pain and burning with urination
infection if block flow of urine

Question 22

preventive measures to avoid calcium oxalate stone formation

Answer 22

drink water
avoid foods high in oxalate: chips, rhubarb, beats
high Ca diet to bind oxalate in digestive system prior to kidney