B6.050 Prework 2-8 Videos Flashcards
function of PO4 in bone
increases spontaneous mineralization
reason why you get rid of it when you have low serum calcium
long term effects of PTH
stimulation of vit D activation in the kidney more long term solution than bone resorption
symptoms of Mg derangements
hyperphosphatemia
hypocalcemia
need to correct Mg before you can correct the other two
causes of Mg derangements
diarrhea, diuretics, alcohol abuse
paradoxical effect of Mg on PTH
low Mg stimulates release of PTH
VERY low Mg inhibits release of PTH
high Ca high PTH
pHPTH
low Ca low PTH
primary hypoparathyroidism
low Ca high PTH
secondary HPTH
high Ca low PTH
primary hypercalcemia
what is the cause of pseudohyperparathyroidism
multiple myeloma
etiology of pseudohyperparathyroidism
bone marrow infiltration by multiple myeloma breaks down bone
this results in increased Ca and PO4 in blood, but a low PTH
lab findings in diGeorge syndrome
low Ca
high PO4
low PTH
lab findings in pseudohyperparathyroidism
high Ca
high PO4
low PTH
lab findings in secondary HPTH
low Ca high PO4 high alk phos high 25OH low 1,25OH low urine Ca
what % of calcium is circulating
<1%
45% of which is free ions
other 55% is bound to albumin and anions
effects of H+ ions on Ca binding
competitively inhibit Ca2+ binding
acidosis causes hypercalcemia
alkalosis causes hypocalcemia
treatment of FHH
no symptoms = no treatment
symptoms = calcimimetic, allosterically activates CaSR
function of calcitonin
decreases Ca and PO4 in blood
effect of calcitonin on physiology
increased osteoblast activity
decreased osteoclast activity
decreased intestinal/renal Ca2+ absorption
most common kidney stone
calcium oxalate (80%) gradually grows
symptoms of kidney stone
can go undetected until they move scratch wall of urinary tract blood in urine intense pain and burning with urination infection if block flow of urine
preventive measures to avoid calcium oxalate stone formation
drink water
avoid foods high in oxalate: chips, rhubarb, beats
high Ca diet to bind oxalate in digestive system prior to kidney
