B6 Animal nutrition Flashcards
What is a balanced diet?
A balanced diet is all the food groups in the correct proportions needed for growth and repair.
What are the 9 nutrients we need?
-Carbohydrates
-Proteins
-Lipids/fats
-Fibre
-Water
-Vitamin C (vitamins)
-Vitamin D (vitamins)
-Calcium (minerals)
-Iron (minerals)
What is the dietary importance of carbohydrates and what are its principal sources?
Carbohydrates are used as a source of energy in respiration cells.
-Bread.
-Cereals.
-Pasta.
What is the dietary importance of protein and what are its principal sources?
Protein is used for growth and repair.
-Meat.
-Fish.
-Eggs.
What is the dietary importance of lipids/fats and what are its principal sources?
Fats/lipids are use for insulation and energy storage.
-Butter.
-Oil.
-Cheese.
What is the dietary importance of fibre and what are its principal sources?
Fibre provides bulk (roughage) for the intestine to push food through it.
-Vegetables.
-Whole-grains
What is the dietary importance of water and what are its principal sources?
Water is needed for chemical reactions to take place in cells.
-Water.
-Juice.
-Fruits.
What is the dietary importance of vitamins?
Vitamins are needed in small quantities to maintain health.
What is the dietary importance of vitamin C and what are its principal sources?
Vitamin C is used in the synthesis of proteins which make up skin, ligaments and bloods vessels.
-Citrus fruits.
What is the dietary importance of vitamin D and what are its principal sources?
Vitamin D helps in the uptake of calcium during digestion and maintaining healthy bones.
-Fatty fish - salmon.
-Mushrooms.
What is the dietary importance of minerals?
Minerals are needed in small quantities to maintain health.
What is the dietary importance of calcium and what are the principal sources?
Calcium is needed for healthy bones and teeth and blood clotting.
-Dairy products - milk, cheese, eggs.
-Fish.
What is the dietary importance of iron and what are the principal sources?
Iron is used to transport oxygen around the body in blood for cells to use in respiration. It is also needed to make haemoglobin.
-Red meat.
-Spinach.
How does age affect the dietary needs of individuals?
Age - The amount of energy that young people need increases towards adulthood. Energy is needed for growth. Therefore, children need more protein than adults as this is required for growth. Energy needs of adults decrease as they age.
How do activity levels affect the dietary needs of individuals?
Activity levels - The more active a person is, the more energy required for movement as muscles are more and respiring faster.
How does pregnancy affect the dietary needs of individuals?
Pregnancy - During pregnancy, energy requirements increase as energy is needed to support the growth of the developing foetus as well as the larger mass that the mother needs to carry around.
Extra calcium and iron is needed to help build the bones, teeth and blood of a foetus.
How does breastfeeding affect the dietary needs of individuals?
Breastfeeding - Energy requirements increase and extra calcium is still needed to make high quality breast milk.
What is starvation and what are the effects of it?
Starvation is eating too little food.
Leads to weight loss, organ damage, muscle atrophy and death (most severe cases).