B.6 Flashcards
What are the 3 ways white blood cells defend against pathogens
They ingest and destroy the pathogen
They produce antibodies
They produce toxins that counteract the bacterias own toxins (not harming the actual bacteria)
What do Lymphocytes do
They produce antibodies that harm the bacteria
What do phycocytes do
Ingest and destroy the pathogens
What do painkiller do
Painkillers relive symptoms of disease but do nothing to harm the actual pathogen
What do antibiotics do
Antibiotics kill bacteria while its still inside your body without harming your bodies cells. They do not help against viruses
What do antiseptics do
They kill bacteria within an environment, not inside your body like antibiotics
Why is it harder to develop medicine against viruses
They are much smaller than bacteria and because they live inside your cells its hard to develop a drug that kills the virus without damaging your cells
Where do most drugs originate from
Plants have lots of antibiotic chemicals that protect them from bacteria and most medicines are derived from plants.
What are the 3 factors in drugs are tested in
Efficacy: how effective the drug is at killing the bacteria
Dosage:how much of the drug can be taken safely before side effects start to occur
Toxicity:does the drug harm people e.g. kill human cells
How to vaccines work
Dead, inactive or parts of pathogens are injected into your body. These cant harm you but do trigger an response from your immune system. The unique data for the pathogen is then stored so the next time the pathogen comes around, your immune system can immediately deal with it, making you immune
What are monoclonal antibodies
Scientists combine lymphocyte cells that produce antibodies but cant reproduce with tumour cells that divide rapidly to create a hybrodima cell that can rapidly divide and make copies of itself all of which can produce antibodies. These antibodies are called monoclonal antibodies and are then harvested for use.
