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M&M Test 3 > B6-092 Triangles of the Neck > Flashcards

B6-092 Triangles of the Neck Flashcards

1
Q

what vertebral level is the body of the hyoid located at?

A

C3-C4

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2
Q

what vertebral level is the bifurcation of the common carotid located at?

A

C3-C4

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3
Q

what vertebral level is the superior end of the esophagus/trachea located at?

A

C5-C6

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4
Q

what vertebral level is the arch of the cricoid located at?

A

C5-C6

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5
Q

what borders make up the anterior triangle of the neck?

A

midline of neck
sternocleidomastoid
lower border of mandible

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6
Q

what borders make up the posterior triangle of the neck?

A

sternocleidomastoid
trapezius
clavicle

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7
Q

what borders make up the submandibular sub-triangle?

A

anterior belly of digastric
posterior belly of digastric
inferior border of mandible

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8
Q

what borders make up the submental sub-triangle of the neck?

A

midline of neck
anterior belly of digastric
body of hyoid

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9
Q

what borders make up the muscular sub-triangle of the neck?

A

body of hyoid
superior belly of omohyoid
sternocleidomastoid

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10
Q

what borders make up the carotid sub-triangle of the neck?

A

posterior belly of digastric
superior belly of omohyoid
stenocleidomastoid

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11
Q

what level of the neck do the submental and submandibular lymph nodes lie in?

A

level 1

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12
Q

what level of the neck do the jugular lymph nodes lie in?

A

2-upper third
3- middle third
4-lower third

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13
Q

what level of the neck do the posterior triangle lymph nodes lie in?

A

level 5

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14
Q

what level of the neck do the central neck lymph nodes lie in?

A

level 6

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15
Q

what muscles run through the floor of the posterior triangle? [6]

A

splenius capitis
levator scapulae
posterior scalene
middle scalene
anterior scalene
omohyoid

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16
Q

the […] exits between the middle and anterior scalene muscles in the posterior triangle

A

roots of the brachial plexus

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17
Q

arteries in the posterior triangle are branches of the […]

A

subclavian

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18
Q

the right subclavian is a branch from the

A

brachiocephalic trunk

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19
Q

the left subclavian branches from the

A

arch of the aorta

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20
Q

first branch off the subclavian

A

internal thoracic (mammary)

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21
Q

branches of the thyrocervical trunk and what they supply [5]

A

inferior thyroid: thyroid
superior transverse cervical: trapezium
deep branch of transverse cervical (dorsal scapular): levator scapulae & rhomboids
suprascapular: supra/infraspinatus
vertebral artery: brain

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22
Q

the thyrocervical branches from the

A

subclavian

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23
Q

artery that travels through the transverse foramen starting at C6

A

vertebral artery

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24
Q

where many of the cutaneous branches of the cervical plexus exit posterior to the middle third of the sternocleidomastoid

A

Erbs point

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25
Q

4 branches of the cervical plexus

A

lesser occipital
greater auricular
transverse cervical
supraclavicular

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26
Q

supplies sensation to the skin of the back of neck and the scalp posterior superior to the ear

A

lesser occipital

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27
Q

innervates the inferior parotid gland

A

great auricular

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28
Q

supplies sensation to the angle of the mandible and a portion of the external ear

A

great auricular

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29
Q

supplies sensation to the skin of the anterior neck

A

transverse cervical

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30
Q

supplies sensation to the skin of the shoulder and clavicle

A

supraclavicular

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31
Q

cranial nerve 11

A

spinal accessory

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32
Q

supplies motor to sternocleidomastoid and trapezius

A

spinal accessory

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33
Q

susceptible to damage during lymph node biopsy in the posterior triangle

A

spinal accessory

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34
Q

supplies cutaneous sensation to the auricle, the angle of the mandible, and the inferior portion of the parotid gland

A

great auricular

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35
Q

supplies cutaneous sensation to the skin of the back of the head

A

lesser occipital

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36
Q

travels through the fascia of the posterior triangle and is susceptible to damage from lymph node biopsy

A

spinal accessory

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37
Q

exits between the anterior and posterior scalene muscles

A

roots of brachial plexus

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38
Q

what nerve lies anterior to the anterior scalene

A

phrenic nerve

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39
Q

supplies innervation to the diaphragm

A

phrenic

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40
Q

what vessels travel anterior to the anterior scalene [3]

A

transverse cervical a.
suprascapular a.
subclavian v.

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41
Q

the subclavian […] lies anterior to the anterior scalene and the […] lies posterior

A

vein is anterior
artery is posterior

**important to central line placements

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42
Q

contraction of sternocleidomastoid muscle

A

tortocollis

**causes head to tilt toward and face away from affected side

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43
Q

created when the retromandibular vein joins the posterior auricular vein near the angle of the mandible

A

external jugular vein

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44
Q

vein located anterior to the anterior scalene

A

subclavian

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45
Q

subclavian vein unites with internal jugular to create

A

brachiocephalic vein

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46
Q

suprahyoid muscles of anterior triangle[4]

A

anterior/posterior belly of digastric
stylohyoid
mylohyoid
genioglossus

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47
Q

infrahyoid muscles of the anterior triangle [4]

A

sternohyoid
thyrohyoid
sternothyroid
omohyoid

**AKA strap muscles

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48
Q

what muscles depress the hyoid and larynx during swallowing/speaking?

A

infrahyoid (strap) muscles

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49
Q

what muscles elevate the hyoid and larynx during swallowing/speaking?

A

suprahyoid muscles

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50
Q

at the level of C3-C4, the carotid branches into [2]

A

external carotid
internal carotid

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51
Q

what branch of the carotid has no other branches and until it reaches the brain?

A

internal carotid

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52
Q

all artery branches seen in the anterior triangle are branches from

A

external carotid

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53
Q

branch of external carotid artery that supplies the thyroid

A

superior thyroid

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54
Q

artery from the external carotid that helps supply the larynx

A

superior laryngeal artery

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55
Q

artery that supplies the tongue

A

lingual (via external carotid)

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56
Q

branch of external carotid that supplies the face

A

facial artery

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57
Q

artery located on the posterior aspect external carotid that supplies the pharynx

A

ascending pharyngeal artery

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58
Q

artery that supplies the posterior scalp and some meninges

A

occipital artery (via external carotid)

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59
Q

the occipital artery (via external carotid), has a close relationship to what nerve?

A

cranial nerve 12 (hypoglossal)

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60
Q

terminal branches of the external carotid [2]

A

maxillary a.
superficial temporal a.

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61
Q

identify the vessels in the image

A

.

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62
Q

what nerve lies in the submandibular triangle?

A

hypoglossal

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63
Q

what artery and vein lie in the submandibular triangle?

A

facial a. and v. (pass anterior to mandible)
lingual artery also lies here

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64
Q

innervates the tongue and helps to protrude the tongue

A

hypoglossal

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65
Q

if hypoglossal is damaged, what deficit is observed?

A

tongue with deviate to damaged side

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66
Q

the […] vein starts in the submental triangle

A

anterior jugular

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67
Q

the thyroid and parathyroid lie in which anterior sub-triangle?

A

muscular

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68
Q

structures contained in the carotid sheath [3]

(located in carotid triangle)

A

common carotid artery
internal jugular vein
vagus nerve

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69
Q

most posterior structure in the carotid sheath

A

vagus nerve

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70
Q

the […] is located anterior medial within the carotid sheath

A

common carotid

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71
Q

the […] is located posterior lateral within the carotid sheath

A

internal jugular vein

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72
Q

[…] nerve travels with lingual artery in the carotid and submandibular triangles

A

hypoglossal

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73
Q

innervates the strap muscles

A

ansa cervicalis

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74
Q

what nerves lie in the superior portion of the carotid triangle?[3]

A

hypoglossal
spinal accessory
superior root of ansa cervicalis

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75
Q

superior root of ansa cervicalis travels with

A

hypoglossal

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76
Q

nerves exiting the jugular foramen near carotid sheath [3]

A

glossopharyngeal (CN IX)
vagus nerve (CN X)
spinal accessory (CN XI)

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77
Q

structures located at the bifurcation of the common carotid [2]

A

carotid sinus and body

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78
Q

the carotid sinus is innervated by [2]

A

glossopharyngeal (CN 9)
vagus

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79
Q

baroreceptor that responds to changes in blood pressure

A

carotid sinus

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80
Q

chemoreceptor that monitors oxygen levels

A

carotid body

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81
Q

CN 10

A

vagus

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82
Q

CN 11

A

spinal accessory

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83
Q

CN 12

A

hypoglossal

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84
Q

what nerve lies in close approximation to the occipital artery?

A

hypoglossal

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85
Q

what nerve travels with hypoglossal nerve?

A

superior root of ansa cervicalis

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86
Q

[…] nerve comes from C2-C3

A

inferior root of ansa cervicalis

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87
Q

innervates infrahyoid (strap) muscles

A

ansa cervicalis

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88
Q

[…] trunk of brachial plexus is in close approximation to the first rib

A

inferior

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89
Q

structures that are compressed in thoracic outlet syndrome

A

inferior trunk of brachial plexus
subclavian artery
subclavian vein

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90
Q

issues with intrinsic muscles of hands
problems in C8/C1 dermatomes
decreased pulse in one limb

A

thoracic outlet syndrome

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91
Q

apex of the lungs is located

A

in the root of the neck

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92
Q

thoracic duct drains into the

A

venous angle

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93
Q

brings lymph from lower limbs, pelvis and perineum, abdomen, left side of chest, left extremity, left head and neck to dumb into venous angle

A

thoracic duct

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94
Q

the subclavian […] lies anterior to the anterior scalene

A

vein

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95
Q

the subclavian […] lies posterior to the anterior scalene

A

artery

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96
Q

what structures might be injured in central line placement?

A

subclavian vein
subclavian artery
lung

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97
Q

nerve that lies on the anterior surface of anterior scalene

A

phrenic

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98
Q

damage to the sympathetic chain results in

A

Horner’s syndrome

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99
Q

miosis
ptosis
anhidrosis

A

Horner’s syndrome

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100
Q

injury to the phrenic results in

A

asymmetrical lifting of the diaphragm

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101
Q

occlusion of the subclavian artery proximal to the origin of the vertebral artery results in

A

subclavian steal syndrome

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102
Q

blood “stolen” from cerebral circulation to perfuse arm

A

subclavian steal syndrome

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103
Q

hyperextension or severe rotation of the neck compresses the […] artery between the occipital bone and the posterior arch of C1

A

vertebral

**vertebrobasilar insufficiency

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104
Q

compression of the vertebral artery between the occipital bone and the posterior arch of C1

A

vertebrobasilar insufficiency

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105
Q

main component of the subcutaneous layer of the superficial fascia

A

platysma muscle

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106
Q

platysma is innervated by

A

CN 7 Facial

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107
Q

which layer of the fasica encloses sternocleidomastoid and trapezius?

A

investing layer

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108
Q

which layer of the fasica encloses parotid and submandibular glands?

A

investing layer

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109
Q

which layer of the fasica is the most superficial?

A

investing layer

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110
Q

which layer of the fasica is located in the anterior region of the neck?

A

pretracheal layer

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111
Q

which layer of the fasica blends with the pericardium of the heart?

A

pretracheal layer

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112
Q

which layer of the fasica encloses the infrahyoid muscles, larynx, thyroid gland, and trachea?

A

pretracheal layer

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113
Q

which layer of the fasica encloses the vertebral column/muscles?

A

prevertebral layer

114
Q

which layer of the fasica extends as the axillary sheath into the arm?

A

prevertebral layer

115
Q

contents of the carotid sheath? [3]

A

common carotid artery
internal jugular vein
vagus nerve

116
Q

nerve that lies posterior to carotid sheath and anterior to anterior scalene

A

phrenic

117
Q

lies medial to the carotid sheath and ascends to the head

A

sympathetic chain

118
Q

borders of the retropharyngeal space

A

buccopharyngeal fascia (anterior)
prevertebral fascia (posterior)
carotid sheath (lateral)

119
Q

potential space posterior to the pharynx

A

retropharyngeal space

120
Q

can result from lymphatic drainage, URTI, or oral infections

A

retropharyngeal abscesses

121
Q

swelling of a […] can cause difficulty speaking and swallowing and can be life threatening

A

retropharyngeal abscess

122
Q

the lymphatics of the scalp/superior head drain into the

A

superficial ring (pericervical collar)

123
Q

the lymphatics of the superficial ring (pericervical collar) drain into the

A

deep cervical nodes

124
Q

deep cervical nodes [2]

A

jugulo-digastric (C3)
jugulo-omohyoid (C6)

125
Q

lymph node at C3

A

jugulo-digastric

126
Q

lymph node at C6

A

jugulo-omohyoid

127
Q

the laryngeal nodes superficial to the vocal folds drain into the

A

superior deep cervical nodes

128
Q

the laryngeal nodes inferior to the vocal folds drain into the

A

pretracheal or paratracheal lymph nodes

129
Q

the thyroid nodes drain into the

A

prelaryngeal, pretracheal or paratracheal nodes

130
Q

drains lymph from right side of head and neck, right side of the thorax, and right extremity

A

right lymphatic duct

**everything else goes to thoracic duct

131
Q

structure from C5-T1

A

thyroid

132
Q

connects the right and left lobes of the thyroid

A

isthmus

133
Q

lobe of the thyroid that extends to hyoid bone that may be present due to embryological development

A

pyramidal

134
Q

main blood supply of thyroid [2]

A

superior thyroid (via external carotid)
inferior thyroid (via thyrocervical trunk of right subclavian)

135
Q

artery stemming from the brachiocephalic trunk that supplies the thyroid in 10% of people

A

thyroid ima artery

136
Q

artery that could be injured during tracheostomy

A

thyroid ima artery

**only 10% of people have this

137
Q

right recurrent laryngeal wraps around

A

right subclavian artery.

138
Q

left recurrent laryngeal wraps around

A

aortic arch

139
Q

the recurrent laryngeal arteries are branches off

A

vagus

140
Q

during thyroid surgery, what nerves lie in close proximity and could be damaged?

A

recurrent laryngeals

141
Q

help to maintain calcium homostasis

A

parathyroid glands

142
Q

cartilage located at C4

A

thyroid

143
Q

cartilage located at C6

A

cricoid

144
Q

an aperture in the […] allows the superior laryngeal a. and n. to supply the larynx

A

thyrohyoid membrane

145
Q

lies between the thyroid and cricoid cartilage
clinically significant to cricothyrotomy

A

cricothyroid membrane

146
Q

the incision for a tracheostomy should be between the […] and […] rings

A

2nd and 4th

147
Q

false vocal cords

A

vestibular folds

148
Q

area between the laryngeal inlet and the vestibular folds

A

laryngeal vestibule

149
Q

area between the vestibular folds and vocal folds

A

laryngeal ventricle

150
Q

area between the vocal folds and cricoid arch

A

intraglottic space

151
Q

opening between the vocal folds

A

rima glottidis

152
Q

tenses the vocal ligaments giving a high pitched voice

A

cricothyroid

153
Q

cricothyroid muscle is innervated by

A

external laryngeal nerve (via CN X)

154
Q

all laryngeal muscles except for the cricothyroid are innervated by

A

recurrent laryngeal

**cricothyroid is innervated by external laryngeal

155
Q

abducts (opens) the rima glottidis

A

posterior crico-arytenoid

156
Q

adduct (close) rima glottidis and vocal folds [3]

A

transverse arytenoid
oblique arytenoid
lateral crico-arytenoid

157
Q

muscle that relaxes vocal cords to deepen or lower pitch of voice

A

thyro-arytenoid

158
Q

forced respiration activates the […] to abduct

A

posterior crico-arytenoid

159
Q

phonations activates what muscles to close the vocal cords?

A

lateral crico-arytenoid
transverse arytenoid
oblique arytenoid

160
Q

whispering activates what laryngeal muscles?

A

lateral crico-arytenoid

**oblique and transverse are relaxed to provide posterior opening

161
Q

what two structures pierce the thyrohyoid membrane to supply the larynx?

A

internal branch of superior laryngeal
superior laryngeal artery

162
Q

if the superior laryngeal artery is ligated during a thyroid surgery, what nerve is at risk?

A

internal branch of superior laryngeal

163
Q

innervates the cricothyroid muscle

A

external branch of superior laryngeal

164
Q

provides sensation above the vocal fold

A

internal branch of the superior laryngeal

165
Q

if water goes down the “wrong tube”, what nerve initiates the cough reflex?

A

internal branch of the superior laryngeal

166
Q

provides sensation below the vocal cord

A

recurrent laryngeal

167
Q

lymphatic vessels superior to the vocal folds drain into the

A

superior deep cervical lymph nodes

168
Q

lymphatic vessels inferior to the vocal folds drain into the

A

pretracheal/paratracheal –> inferior deep cervical nodes

169
Q

arteries of the posterior triangle [3]

A

suprascapular
transverse cervical
dorsal scapular

170
Q

arteries of the anterior triangle [5]

A

common carotid (internal and external)
superior thyroid
superior laryngeal
lingual
facial

171
Q

runs in the investing layer of deep cervical fascia, forming the roof of the posterior triangle

A

spinal accessory

172
Q

Erb’s point is located…

A

posterior to the middle third of the SCM

173
Q

cutaneous branches of the cervical plexus exit at

A

Erb’s point

174
Q

the transverse cervical supplies cutaneous sensation to

A

skin of anterior neck

175
Q

the great auricular supplies cutaneous sensation to [4]

A

skin over parotid
mastoid process
auricle
angle of mastoid

176
Q

the lesser occipital supplies cutaneous sensation to

A

skin of the neck and scalp posterior to auricle

177
Q

the suprascapular supplies cutaneous sensation to

A

skin over clavicle and shoulder

178
Q

spinal accessory supplies motor to [2]

A

SCM
trapezius

179
Q

in torticollis, the neck tilts to the […] and the face looks to […]

A

neck tilts to same side
face looks to opposite side

180
Q

a lesion in […] causes deviation of the tongue toward the injured side on protrusion

A

hypoglossal

181
Q

supplies taste sensation to the anterior 2/3 of tongue

A

facial

182
Q

supplies taste sensation and general sensation to posterior 1/3 of tongue

A

glossopharyngeal

183
Q

supplies general sensation to anterior 2/3 of tongue

A

lingual

184
Q

supplies taste sensation to base of tongue and epiglottis

A

vagus

185
Q

what layer of fascia surrounds the muscles on the floor of the posterior triangle?

A

prevertebral

186
Q

what layer of fascia surrounds the SCM and trapezius?

A

investing

187
Q

what layer of fascia surrounds the infrahyoid muscles, the thyroid gland, larynx, trachea, and esophagus?

A

pretracheal

188
Q

located anterior and medial in the carotid sheath

A

common carotid

189
Q

located anterior and lateral in the carotid sheath

A

internal jugular

190
Q

innervates all the laryngeal muscles except cricothyroid

A

recurrent laryngeal

191
Q

cricothyroid is innervated by

A

external laryngeal

192
Q

provides sensory to larynx above vocal cord

A

internal laryngeal nerve

193
Q

nerve that is vulnerable to injury in thyroidectomy

A

recurrent laryngeal

194
Q

superior thyroid a. branches from

A

external carotid a.

195
Q

does not have any branches in the neck or face
branches once it reaches brain

A

internal carotid a.

196
Q

ligation of the subclavian artery or thyrocervical trunk would stop bleeding from the

A

inferior thyroid a.

197
Q

cancer/infection from the infraglottic cavity (below the vocal folds) would travel first to what lymph node?

A

pre/paratracheal

198
Q

cancer/infection from the supraglottic cavity (above the vocal folds) would travel first to what lymph node?

A

superior deep cervical lymph nodes

199
Q

infection of the palatine tonsils would travel first to what lymph node?

A

jugulo-digastric

200
Q

cancer/infection of the thyroid would travel first to what lymph nodes? [3]

A

prelaryngeal
pretracheal
paratracheal

201
Q

tensing of the cricothyroid will result in

A

high pitched voice

202
Q

the lateral crico-arytenoid […] the vocal cords

A

adducts

203
Q

the posterior crico-arytenoid […] the vocal cords

A

abducts

204
Q

the thyro-arytenoid relaxes the vocal ligament causing

A

deep voice

205
Q

adduct the arytenoid cartilage that closes the posterior rima glottidis [2]

A

transverse and oblique arytenoids

206
Q

how would you evaluate for suspected outlet syndrome?

A

check bilateral pulses and sensation/symmetry

207
Q

the inferior trunk lies in close proximity to the

A

1st rib

**can become compressed causing thoracic outlet syndrome

208
Q

3 points of compression of the brachial plexus

A

scalene triangle
costoclavicular space
pectoralis minor space

209
Q

most common thyroid cancer

A

papillary thyroid carcinoma

210
Q

what muscles will be retracted during thyroidectomy? [2]

A

sternothyroid
sternohyoid

211
Q

what arteries should be visualized and ligated during thyroidectomy? [4]

A

superior and inferior thyroid
thyroid ima
superior laryngeal

212
Q

what veins should be visualized and ligated during thyroidectomy? [3]

A

superior, middle, inferior thyroid veins

213
Q

what layers of fascia would be incised during thyroidectomy? [2]

A

investing
pretracheal

214
Q

superior thyroid artery comes off

A

external carotid

215
Q

inferior thyroid artery comes off

A

subclavian via thyrocervical trunk

216
Q

superior and middle thyroid veins drain into

A

internal jugular

217
Q

inferior thyroid vein drains into

A

brachiocephalic trunk

218
Q

hypocalcemia following thyroidectomy is due to injury of

A

parathyroid

219
Q

hoarse voice following thyroidectomy is due to injury of

A

recurrent laryngeal n.

220
Q

high pitched voice following thyroidectomy is due to injury of what nerve?

A

external branch of superior laryngeal

221
Q

vocal cord paresis or paralysis following thyroidectomy is due to injury of

A

recurrent laryngeal n.

222
Q

horner syndrome following thyroidectomy is due to injury of

A

sympathetic chain

223
Q

chyle fistula following thyroidectomy is due to injury of

A

thoracic duct

224
Q

breathing difficulties following thyroidectomy is due to injury of

A

trachea

225
Q

dysphagia following thyroidectomy is due to injury of

A

esophagus

226
Q

external branch of superior laryngeal innervates

A

cricothyroid

227
Q

in carotid sheath:
lateral
medial
posterior

A

lateral: internal jugular vein
medial: common carotid artery
posterior: vagus

228
Q

provides sensory above the vocal folds

A

internal branch of superior laryngeal

229
Q

external branch of superior laryngeal travels with

A

superior thyroid artery

**if artery is ligated during surgery, patient will be unable to make high pitched voice

230
Q

cancer in the […] region of the larynx is most likely to cause voice changes

A

glottic

231
Q

in the case of laryngeal cancer, the vagus nerve can refer pain to the

A

ear

232
Q

what supplies blood to the superior larynx?

A

superior laryngeal a.

233
Q

cutaneous nerve supply to superior larynx

A

internal branch of superior laryngeal

**important to cough reflex

234
Q

lymphatic supply of superior larynx

A

superior deep cervical nodes

235
Q

blood supply to inferior portion of larynx

A

inferior laryngeal a.

236
Q

nerve supply to inferior portion of larynx

A

inferior laryngeal n.

237
Q

lymphatics of inferior portion of larynx

A

pretracheal/paratracheal

238
Q

how does swallowing affect the thyroid and lymph nodes?

A

thyroid moves
lymph nodes do not

**able to differentiate location of nodule

239
Q

lymph nodes near hyoid at C3/4

A

jugulodigastric

240
Q

lymph node near cricoid cartilage at C6

A

jugulo-omohyoid

241
Q

tonsils drain to what lymph nodes?

A

jugulodigastric

242
Q

nerve that emerges from the posterior border of SCM and crosses the posterior triangle close to the subq

A

spinal accesory

243
Q

leaves the cranium through the jugular foramen and winds around the stylopharyngeous muscle and passes between the superior and middle constrictor muscles

A

glossopharyngeal IX

244
Q

emerges from the inferior border of the parotid gland and passes anteriorly in the neck inferior to the mandible to supply the platysma

A

cervical branch of facial VII

245
Q

injury to […] causes the skin to fall away from the neck in slack folds

A

cervical branch of facial VII

246
Q

muscle located between the sternum and the hyoid bone that covers the thyroid gland

A

sternohyoid

247
Q

muscle located between the cricoid cartilage and the thyroid cartilage that is superior and deep to the thyroid gland

A

cricothyroid

248
Q

muscle located between mandible and hyoid bone that is superior to the thyroid gland

A

mylohyoid

249
Q

muscle located between the hyoid bone and the clavicle that is found lateral to the thyroid gland

A

omohyoid

250
Q

muscle that attaches to the hyoid bone and thyroid cartilage that is found superior to the thyroid

A

thyrohyoid

251
Q

[…] fascia extends inferiorly from the hyoid to the thorax to blend with pericardium

A

pretracheal

252
Q

layer of fascia that surrounds the thyroid, trachea, esophagus, and recurrent laryngeal nerve

A

pretracheal

253
Q

layer of fascia that surrounds the SCM, trapezius and parotid/submandibular glands

A

investing

254
Q

layer of fascia that extends from base of skull to mastoid process, zygomatic arches, and inferior mandible

A

investing

255
Q

layer of fascia that surrounds the vertebral column, associated muscles, and phrenic nerve

A

prevertebral

256
Q

potential space in the neck where infection can spread; extends from base of skull to mediastinum

A

retropharnygeal

257
Q

if the vagus is damaged at the C3-C4 level of carotid bifurcation, what is the result

A

hoarse voice

258
Q

sympathetic trunk is located […] to carotid sheath

A

medial

259
Q

damage to the [….] results in the inability to shrug the ipsilateral shoulder

A

spinal accessory XII

260
Q

nerve located posterior to carotid sheath

A

phrenic

261
Q

damage to […] results in the paralysis of ipsilateral diaphragm

A

phrenic

262
Q

four branches of subclavian artery

A

Vertebral
Internal thoracic
Thyrocervical trunk
Costocervical trunk

VIT C

263
Q

in subclavian steal syndrome, blood is shunted through what artery?

A

ipsilateral vertebral a.

264
Q

the lymphatic vessels superior to the vocal folds empty into the

A

superior deep cervical nodes

265
Q

the lymphatic vessels inferior to the vocal folds empty into the

A

pretracheal/paratracheal nodes –> inferior deep cervical

266
Q

the thyroid lymphatics drain into the […] nodes [3]

A

prelaryngeal
pretracheal
paratracheal

267
Q

what lymph node is frequently enlarged when the tonsils are inflamed?

A

jugulodigastric

268
Q

loss of the […] can result in aspiration of liquids into the lungs instead of initiation of cough reflex

A

internal branch of superior laryngeal n.

269
Q

what neurovascular pair can be injured during thyroidectomy?

A

internal branch of superior laryngeal n.
superior thyroid a.

270
Q

internal branch of superior laryngeal n. travels with the […] artery

A

superior thyroid

271
Q

provides motor to the cricothyroid muscle which tenses the vocal ligament

A

external branch of superior laryngeal

272
Q

innervates all intrinsic muscles of the larynges except cricothyroid

A

recurrent laryngeal

273
Q

nerve that supplies sensation below the vocal cords

A

recurrent laryngeal

274
Q

innervates the intrinsic muscles of the tongue

A

hypoglossal

275
Q

provides sensation to the pharynx, posterior 1/3 of tongue, posterior ear, and soft palate

A

glossopharyngeal

276
Q

what muscle abducts the vocal cords to allow the passage of air

A

posterior crico-arytenoid

277
Q

only muscle to abduct vocal cords

A

posterior crico-arytenoid

278
Q

relaxes the vocal ligament resulting in deep pitched voice

A

thyro-arytenoid

279
Q

close the posterior rima glottidis [2]

A

transverse and oblique arytenoids

280
Q
A

M&M Test 3 (16 decks)

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