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M&M Test 3 > B6-061 Thyroid Disease > Flashcards

B6-061 Thyroid Disease Flashcards

1
Q

TSH will be […] in hypothyroidism

A

increased

**trying to compensate

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2
Q

pretibial nonpitting edema is associated with

A

longstanding hypothyroidism

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3
Q

hypothyroidism due to pituitary or hypothalamic failure is

A

secondary

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4
Q

two main types of primary hypothyroidism

A

-cretinism (peds)
-myxedema (adults)

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5
Q

maternal T3/T4 is necessary for fetal […] development

A

brain

**damage to fetal brain is most severe when maternal T3/4 is low before fetal thyroid becomes active

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6
Q

most common cause of congenital primary hypothyroidism worldwide

A

iodine deficiency

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7
Q

most common cause of primary hypothyroidism in US adults

A

Hashimoto

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8
Q

goiterogens [2]

A

PTU
iodide

**suppress T3/T4 synthesis

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9
Q

inhibits oxidation of iodide and peripheral deiodination of T4 into T3

A

PTU

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10
Q

inhibits proteolysis of thyroglobulin

A

iodide

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11
Q

CD 8 T cell mediated destruction of the thyroid

A

Hashiomotos

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12
Q

what antibodies are seen in Hashimoto’s?

A

anti-thyroglobulin
anti-thyroid peroxidase

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13
Q

Hashimotos may initially present with transient […]

A

hyperthyroidism

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14
Q

Hashimotos increases the risk of [3]

A

B cell lymphoma
thyroid cancers
other autoimmune disease

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15
Q

Hurthle cells
lymphoid aggregates with germinal centers

A

Hashimotos

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16
Q

self-limited disease preceded by viral infection
may have transient hyperthyroidism
painless goiter

A

subacute lymphocytic thyroiditis

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17
Q

painful goiter
transient hyperthyroidism

A

granulomatous (de Quervain) thyroiditis

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18
Q

jaw pain
very tender thyroid

A

granulomatous (de Quervain) thyroiditis

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19
Q

granulomatous inflammation on histology

A

granulomatous (de Quervain) thyroiditis

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20
Q

slowly enlarging
hard, fixed, nontender mass

A

Riedel thyroiditis

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21
Q

IgG4 related disease

A

Riedel thyroiditis

**in general, IgG4 is associated with fibrosis

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22
Q

thyroid replaced with fibrous tissue and inflammatory infiltrate on histology

A

Riedel

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23
Q

staring gaze, eyelid lag, proptosis

A

long standing hyperthyroidism (Graves)

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24
Q

pituitary tumor secreting TSH is […] hyperthyroidism

A

secondary

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25
primary hyperthyroidism is caused by
thyrotoxicosis
26
thyrotoxicosis occurring due to diffuse hyperplasia
Graves
27
factitious hyperthyroidism is caused by
exogenous thyroid intake
28
antibodies associated with Graves disease [2]
**thyroid stimulating antibody** TSH-R blocking antibody
29
infiltrative ophthalmopathy due to lymphocytes, edema, matrix, and fat deposition behind the eye
Graves disease
30
hyperthyroidism exopthalmus dermopathy (pretibial myxedema)
Graves disease
31
tall, crowded follicular epithelial cells scalloped colloid
Graves disease
32
goiter is usually
euthyroid
33
in iodine deficiency, goiter is initially [...], multinodular appearance occurs after [...]
diffuse multiple cycles of hyperplasia and involution
34
if a patient with multinodular goiter is presenting with obstructive symptoms, what is the best next step?
surgery to relive pressure on airway **due to extreme fibrosis of nodules, it will not resolve on its own
35
euthyroid goiter due to cycles of hyperplasa/hypoplasia is most commonly caused by
iodine deficiency **treat with iodine intake
36
triple test for thyroid evaluation
hormonal assessment radiographic imaging FNA
37
features that might suggest thyroid neoplasm [5]
solitary nodule younger age male prior radiation non-functional (cold)
38
which type of nodule is closely associated with malignancy?
cold (non-functional)
39
carcinomas arising from thyrocytes [2]
follicular papillary
40
medullary carcinoma comes from [...] cells
C cells
41
only definitive treatment for thyroid cancer
surgical removal
42
benign tumor solitary, discrete, encapsulated euthyroid
adenoma
43
capsular or vascular invasion RAS or PI3K activation
follicular carcinoma
44
FNA may be unable to distinguish follicular adenoma from [...]
carcinoma **lobectomy is performed and sent to path. if comes back as carcinoma, do another surgery to remove the entire thing
45
mutations in what genes increase the risk of papillary carcinoma? [3]
RET BRAF NTRK1
46
empty-appearing nuclei with central clearing psamoma bodies nuclear grooves
papillary carcinoma
47
derived from C cells
medullary carcinoma
48
associated with MEN2A and 2B mutations
medullary carcinoma
49
calcitonin producing tumor
medullary carcinoma
50
sheets of polygonal cells in an amyloid stroma
medullary carcinoma
51
increased TSH decreased T4
primary hypothyroidism
52
decreased TSH increased T4
primary hyperthyroidism
53
most appropriate first test for evaluation of thyroid function
TSH
54
lymphocytes, plasma cells, Hurthle cells
Hashimoto
55
papillary clusters of cells with optically clear nuclei (orphan Annie eyes)
papillary carcinoma
56
spindle cells and colloid
medullary carcinoma
57
abundant colloid scant follicular cells
simple goiter
58
best next step in evaluation of nodule found on US?
FNA
59
hyperthyroidism exophthalmos skin changes
Graves
60
antibodies directed toward TSH receptors are associated with
Graves
61
serum calcitonin may be elevated in
medullary carcinoma
62
anti-thyroglobulin antibodies are found in
Hashimoto
63
causes of smooth/diffuse goiter [4]
Graves Hashimoto iodine deficiency TSH-secreting pituitary adenoma
64
causes of nodular goiter [4]
thyroid adenoma thyroid cancer toxic multinodular goiter thyroid cyst **FA says iodine deficiency is smooth, Mathur says its multinodular so do with that information what you will ***Nodular if long lasting
65
familial medullary thyroid carcinoma are caused by inherited [...] mutations
RET

M&M Test 3 (16 decks)

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