B6-076 Pathologic Fracture: Metastatic Cancer

Question 1

what factor makes a tumor malignant?

Answer 1

the ability to kill the patient

Question 2

each “hallmark” of a malignant cancer is the result of

Answer 2

single mutation

Question 3

oncogenes causes […] of function mutations

Answer 3

gain

Question 4

tumor suppressor genes cause […] of function mutations

Answer 4

loss

Question 5

signal transducing proteins

Answer 5

RAS
BRAF
JAK2
NOTCH
ABL

**oncogenes

Question 6

nuclear regulatory proteins

Answer 6

MYC
NMYC

**oncogenes

Question 7

cell cycle regulators

Answer 7

Cyclin D1
CDK4

**oncogenes

Question 8

enablers of geonomic stability

Answer 8

TP53

**tumor suppressor

Question 9

how many alleles of oncogenes need to be affected to increase the odds of metaplasia?

Answer 9

1

Question 10

how many alleles of tumor suppressor genes need to be affected to increase the odds of metaplasia?

Answer 10

both

Question 11

[oncogene or tumor suppressor]
more likely to be inherited mutation

Answer 11

tumor suppressor

Question 12

plasma cell myeloma is likely to present as a […] metastases

Answer 12

lytic

Question 13

likely to present as sclerotic/blastic metastases [2]

Answer 13

prostate adenocarcinoma
breast carcinoma

Question 14

[what stage?]
invaded lamina propria

Answer 14

T1

Question 15

[what stage?]
invades muscularis propria?

Answer 15

T2

Question 16

[what stage?]
invades adipose tissue

Answer 16

T3

Question 17

[what stage?]
invades other organs

Answer 17

T4

Question 18

all neoplasms are […]

Answer 18

clonal

Question 19

a malignant tumor of gland forming cells is called

Answer 19

adenocarcinoma

Question 20

a benign tumor of gland forming cells is

Answer 20

adenoma

Question 21

can oncogenes mutation be inherited?

Answer 21

no

Question 22

DNA repair genes are [onco/tumor suppressor] genes

Answer 22

tumor suppressor

Question 23

lytic metastases are associated with increased […] activity

Answer 23

osteoclastic

Question 24

if you see a report with an allele frequency near 50%, you should be concerned about

Answer 24

germ line mutation

Question 25

what type of gene is BRCA2?

Answer 25

tumor suppressor

Question 26

what type of gene is EGFR?

Answer 26

oncogene

Question 27

directed therapies are most effective at targeting

Answer 27

protein products of oncogenes

Question 28

what kind of genes are DNA repair genes?

Answer 28

tumor suppressor

Question 29

Li Fraumeni

Answer 29

tp53

Question 30

why is myeloma lytic?

Answer 30

produces RANKL which activates osteoclasts via RANK

Question 31

most common primary bone malignancy in adults

Answer 31

chondrosarcoma

Question 32

[oncogene or tumor suppressor] growth factors and growth factor receptors

Answer 32

oncogene

Question 33

[oncogene or tumor suppressor] signal-transducing proteins

Answer 33

oncogene

Question 34

[oncogene or tumor suppressor] nuclear regulatory proteins

Answer 34

oncogene

Question 35

[oncogene or tumor suppressor] cell cycle regulators

Answer 35

oncogene

Question 36

[oncogene or tumor suppressor] inhibitors of mitogenic signaling pathways

Answer 36

tumor suppressor

Question 37

[oncogene or tumor suppressor] inhibitors of cell cycle progession

Answer 37

tumor suppressor

Question 38

[oncogene or tumor suppressor] inhibitors of pro-growth metabolism and angiogenesis

Answer 38

tumor suppressor

Question 39

[oncogene or tumor suppressor] inhibitors of invasion and metastasis

Answer 39

tumor suppressor

Question 40

[oncogene or tumor suppressor] enablers of genomic stability

Answer 40

tumor suppressor

Question 41

[oncogene or tumor suppressor] DNA repair factors

Answer 41

tumor suppressor

Question 42

DNA repair factors [3]

Answer 42

BRCA1 BRCA2 MMR **tumor suppressors

Question 43

MSH2, MLH1, MSH6

Answer 43

Lynch syndrome

Question 44

BRCA1, BRCA2

Answer 44

familial breast/ovarian cancer

Question 45

CDH1

Answer 45

familial gastric cancer

Question 46

VHL

Answer 46

von Hippel-lindau **renal cell carcinoma**

Question 47

APC

Answer 47

familial colonic polyps and carcinomas

Question 48

PTEN

Answer 48

cowden syndrome

Question 49

SMAD2, SMAD4

Answer 49

juvenille polyposis **colonic/pancreatic carcinomas**

Question 50

RB

Answer 50

familial retinoblastoma