B5 - Homeostasis and response Flashcards
What is the cerebral cortex?
The outer part of the brain responsible for intelligence, language, memory and consciousness
What is is the medulla?
The part of the brain that controls unconscious activities such as heart rate and breathing rate
What is the cerebellum?
The part of the brain that controls balance, co-ordination of movement and muscular activity
What is is an MRI?
A brain scanning technique
What is is acommodation?
The process of changing the shape of the lens to focus on near or distant objects
What is is myopia?
Short-sightedness
What is is hyperopia?
Long-sightedness
What is is vasodilation?
When blood vessels supplying blood to the skin widen and allow more warm blood to flow near the surface of the skin, where the heat is lost to the air
What is is vasoconstriction?
When blood vessels supplying blood to the skin narrow and allow less warm blood to flow near the surface of the skin, which reduces heat loss
What is deamination?
The removal of the amine group on amino acids to form urea
What is is selective reabsorption?
When useful substances are reabsorbed back into the blood from the kidney tubules
What is is ADH?
A hormone released from the pituitary gland which regulates the water concentration of the blood
What is Thyroxine?
A hormone released from the thyroid gland which stimulates the basal metabolic rate
What is homeostasis?
The regulation of internal conditions to maintain optimum conditions in response to changes
What is a stimulus?
A change in the environment
What are receptors?
Cells that detect changes in the environment
What are coordination centres?
Receive and process information from receptors. E.g. brain
What are effectors?
Muscles or glands which bring about a response
What is a reflex action?
An automatic and rapid action
What is the endocrine system
Consists of glands that release hormones into the blood to get to a target organ to cause a response
What is insulin?
A hormone released from the pancreas in response to high blood glucose levels and causes glucose to move from the blood into the cells. It causes glucose to be converted into glycogen for storage in the liver
What is glucagon?
A hormone released from the pancreas in response to low blood glucose levels and causes glycogen to be broken down into glucose and released back into the blood
What is type 1 diabetes?
When the pancreas does not produce enough insulin
What is type 2 diabetes?
When the body cells no longer respond to insulin
What is oestrogen?
A hormone released by the ovaries. Stops FSH being released and stimulates LH to be released
What is follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)?
A hormone released by the pituitary gland. Causes maturation of the egg in the ovary
What is lutenising hormone (LH)?
A hormone released by the pituitary gland. Causes the egg to be released from the ovary
What is in vitro fertilisation (IVF)?
An expensive proceedure in which egg cells are fertilised outside of the body with sperm cells and then planted in the uterus
