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GCSE Biology AQA > B2 - Organisation > Flashcards

B2 - Organisation Flashcards

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1
Q

What is an enzyme?

A

A protein which speeds up chemical reactions

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2
Q

What are carbohydrases?

A

Enzymes that break down carbohydrates into simple sugars

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3
Q

What is amylase?

A

A carbohydrase enzyme that breaks down starch into simple sugars It is produced in the mouth and pancreas.

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4
Q

What is protease?

A

An enzyme that breaks down proteins into amino acids. It is produced in the stomach, pancreas, and small intestine

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5
Q

What is lipase?

A

An enzyme that breaks down lipids into fatty acids and glycerol. It is produced in the pancreas, mouth, and stomach.

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6
Q

What are lipids?

A

Fats and oils

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7
Q

What is bile?

A

An alkaline substance produced in the liver and stored in the gall bladder. It neutralises stomach acid and breaks down fats into small droplets

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8
Q

What is emulsification?

A

The breaking down of a substance down into small droplets

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9
Q

What is a xylem

A

Plant tissue that transports water and dissolved mineral ions up the plant

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10
Q

What is a phloem

A

Plant tissue that transports sugars up and down a plant

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11
Q

What is meristem?

A

Plant tissue found in the growing tips of roots and shoots

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12
Q

What are stomata?

A

Small holes underneath the leaf to allow gases to move in and out of the leaf

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13
Q

What are guard cells?

A

Cells that open and close the stomata to reduce water loss

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14
Q

What is spongy mesophyll?

A

The layer of cells in the leaf that allow gases to exchange

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15
Q

What is a palisade cell?

A

Layer of cells in the leaf that contain lots of chloroplasts for photosynthesis

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16
Q

What are epidermal tissues?

A

Layers of cells at the top of the leaf and the bottom of the leaf

17
Q

What is the aorta?

A

Major artery that carries OXYGENATED blood from the heart to the body cells

18
Q

What is the vena cava?

A

Major vein that carries DEOXYGENATED blood from the body to the heart

19
Q

What is the pulmonary artery?

A

Major artery that carries DEOXYGENATED blood from the heart to the lungs to pick up oxygen

20
Q

What is the pulmonary vein?

A

Major vein that carries OXYGENATED blood from the lungs to the heart

21
Q

What are valves?

A

Pieces of soft tissue that stop blood flowing backwards in the vein

22
Q

What are arteries?

A

Blood vessels that carry blood AWAY from the heart

23
Q

What are veins?

A

Blood vessels that carry blood IN to the heart

24
Q

What are capillaries?

A

Blood vessels that transport blood deep into the tissues to deliver oxygen and glucose

25
Q

What is Coronary Heart Disease (CHD)

A

A disease in which layers of fatty material built up in the coronary arteries, narrowing them, reducing blood flow

26
Q

What are stents?

A

Small medical devices used to keep the coronary arteries open

27
Q

What are statins?

A

Drugs used to reduce blood cholesterol

28
Q

What is a risk factor?

A

Something linked to an increased rate of a disease

29
Q

What is a benign tumour?

A

Growths of abnormal cells which are contained in one area. They CANNOT spread throughout the body

30
Q

What is a malignant tumour?

A

Cancers that invade neighbouring tissues and spread to different parts of the body

GCSE Biology AQA (8 decks)

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