B2 - Organisation Flashcards
What is an enzyme?
A protein which speeds up chemical reactions
What are carbohydrases?
Enzymes that break down carbohydrates into simple sugars
What is amylase?
A carbohydrase enzyme that breaks down starch into simple sugars It is produced in the mouth and pancreas.
What is protease?
An enzyme that breaks down proteins into amino acids. It is produced in the stomach, pancreas, and small intestine
What is lipase?
An enzyme that breaks down lipids into fatty acids and glycerol. It is produced in the pancreas, mouth, and stomach.
What are lipids?
Fats and oils
What is bile?
An alkaline substance produced in the liver and stored in the gall bladder. It neutralises stomach acid and breaks down fats into small droplets
What is emulsification?
The breaking down of a substance down into small droplets
What is a xylem
Plant tissue that transports water and dissolved mineral ions up the plant
What is a phloem
Plant tissue that transports sugars up and down a plant
What is meristem?
Plant tissue found in the growing tips of roots and shoots
What are stomata?
Small holes underneath the leaf to allow gases to move in and out of the leaf
What are guard cells?
Cells that open and close the stomata to reduce water loss
What is spongy mesophyll?
The layer of cells in the leaf that allow gases to exchange
What is a palisade cell?
Layer of cells in the leaf that contain lots of chloroplasts for photosynthesis
What are epidermal tissues?
Layers of cells at the top of the leaf and the bottom of the leaf
What is the aorta?
Major artery that carries OXYGENATED blood from the heart to the body cells
What is the vena cava?
Major vein that carries DEOXYGENATED blood from the body to the heart
What is the pulmonary artery?
Major artery that carries DEOXYGENATED blood from the heart to the lungs to pick up oxygen
What is the pulmonary vein?
Major vein that carries OXYGENATED blood from the lungs to the heart
What are valves?
Pieces of soft tissue that stop blood flowing backwards in the vein
What are arteries?
Blood vessels that carry blood AWAY from the heart
What are veins?
Blood vessels that carry blood IN to the heart
What are capillaries?
Blood vessels that transport blood deep into the tissues to deliver oxygen and glucose
What is Coronary Heart Disease (CHD)
A disease in which layers of fatty material built up in the coronary arteries, narrowing them, reducing blood flow
What are stents?
Small medical devices used to keep the coronary arteries open
What are statins?
Drugs used to reduce blood cholesterol
What is a risk factor?
Something linked to an increased rate of a disease
What is a benign tumour?
Growths of abnormal cells which are contained in one area. They CANNOT spread throughout the body
What is a malignant tumour?
Cancers that invade neighbouring tissues and spread to different parts of the body
